Communications – Paul Shala Henry, Farhad Barzegar, George Blandino, Irwin Gerszberg, Donald J. Barnickel, Thomas M. Willis, III, AT&T Intellectual Property I LP
Abstract for “Backhaul link to distributed antenna system”
“A distributed antenna system and backhaul system provide network connectivity to small cell deployments. Instead of building new structures and adding fiber and cable, the embodiments disclosed herein use existing power lines infrastructure and high-bandwidth millimeter wave communications. The distributed base stations can be connected to the underground backhaul via underground electrical conduits and power lines. Backhaul connectivity can also be provided by an overhead millimeter wave system. Modules can be attached to existing infrastructure such as utility poles or streetlights. The modules can also contain base stations and antennas that transmit millimeter-waves between other modules.
Background for “Backhaul link to distributed antenna system”
“As smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices become more common, data usage is skyrocketing, macrocell base stations, and the existing wireless infrastructure, are being overwhelmed.” Small cell deployment is being explored to provide more mobile bandwidth. Picocells and microcells offer coverage in much smaller areas than traditional macrocells but at a high cost.
“One or more embodiments will now be described using reference to the drawings. Like reference numerals can be used throughout to refer to similar elements. The following description will provide an explanation of many details to help you understand the different embodiments. However, it is clear that many embodiments can be used without these details and without applying to any particular standard or networked environment.
The backhaul network linking the microcells and macrocells with the mobile network expands in order to provide network connectivity to other base stations. It is difficult to provide a wireless backhaul connection due to the limited bandwidth at common frequencies. Although fiber and cable both have bandwidth, the cost of installing these connections can prove prohibitive because of the distributed nature small cell deployments.
“These and other considerations are considered in the system. A memory stores instructions, and a processor is communicatively coupled with the memory to enable execution of instructions. The instructions include facilitating the receipt of a first guide wave via a powerline and converting it to an electronic transmission. Also included are the operations of facilitating transmission an electronic signal from the electronic transmission into a base station device. These operations may also include the conversion of an electronic transmission into a second-guided wave and the facilitation of transmission via the power line.
“Another embodiment contains a memory to store instructions, and a processor that is communicatively coupled with the memory to facilitate execution the instructions to perform operations such as receiving a first transmission from the first radio repeater. A second transmission can be directed to a second radio repeater. The second transmission must have a frequency of at most 57 GHz. Operations also include the determination of an electronic signal from the first transmission, and the directing of the electronic signal to the base station device.
“Another embodiment of the method involves receiving, via a device with a processor, an initial surface wave transmission over a power line, and then converting that first surface wave transmision into an electronic transmission. This method may also include extracting a communications signal from an electronic transmission and sending it to a base station device. This method may also include transmitting an electronic transmission as a second-surface wave transmission over a power line, where the frequency of the first and second surface waves transmissions is at least 30 GHz.
“Various embodiments herein refer to a system that provides a distributed antenna system for small cell deployments and/or a backhaul connection. Instead of building new structures and adding fiber and cable, the embodiments disclosed herein use existing power lines infrastructure and high-bandwidth millimeter wave communications. The distributed base stations can be connected to via underground backhaul connections using buried electrical conduits and power lines.
“An embodiment can use an overhead millimeter wave system to provide backhaul connectivity. Modules can be attached to existing infrastructure such as utility poles or streetlights. The modules can also contain base stations and antennas that transmit millimeter waves between other modules. A module, or node, can be communicably connected, either via fiber/cable or by a standard 57?64 Ghz GHz microwave connection to a macrocell location that is physically connected with the mobile network.
“In another embodiment, nodes for base stations can be placed on utility poles. The backhaul connection can then be made by transmitters that transmit millimeter-waveband surface wave transmissions over the power lines between nodes. One site can be connected to multiple base stations via surface wave transmission over powerlines to a distributed antenna network, which includes cellular antennas at the nodes. Underground conduits are another option for transmitting guided waves. The waves propagate in the space between the conduits and the powerlines. Existing transformer boxes can house signal extractors or base stations.
“Click here to go to FIG. 1. Illustrated is an example, but not limited to, of a distributed antenna network 100 according to various aspects discussed herein.
“Distributed antenna 100” includes one or more bases stations (e.g. base station device 104) which are communicably coupled with a macrocell site. Base station device (104) can be connected via fiber, cable, or microwave wireless to macrocell site. Macrocells, such as macrocell sites 102, can be connected to the mobile network via dedicated connections. Base station device 104 can also piggyback off of macrocellsite 102’s connection. Base station device104 can be attached or mounted to utility pole 116. Base station device 104 may also be located near transformers or other locations that are close to a power line.
“Base station device104 can provide connectivity to mobile devices 122 or 124. Antennas 112 & 114 can be mounted near utility poles 120 and 118 to receive signals from base station device. They then transmit the signals to mobile devices 122, 124. This is much more than if antennas 112 & 114 were near base station device.
“It should be noted that FIG. For simplicity, FIG. 1 shows three utility poles with one base station device. Other embodiments of utility pole 116 may have additional base station devices and one or more utilitypoles with distributed antennas.
The launcher 106 transmits the signal from base station device 104, to antennas 112 or 114 via a power line that connects the utility poles 120, 118 and 120. Launcher 106 converts base station device 104’s signal to a millimeter wave band signal. Launcher 106 may also include a cone transmitter (see FIG. 3. This launches a millimeter wave band surface wave, which propagates along the wire as a guided wave. A repeater 108 can receive the surface wave at utility pole 118 and can amplify it to send it forward along the power line. Repeater 108 can also extract the signal from the millimeter wave band surface wave and shift it down to its original frequency in the cellular band (e.g. 1.9 GHz). An antenna can transmit downshifted signal to mobile device 122. Repeater 110, antenna 112 and mobile device 124 can repeat the process.
Antennas 112 or 114 can also receive transmissions from mobile devices 122, 124. Repeaters 110 and 108 can shift the cellular band signals into the millimeter-wave spectrum (e.g. 60-110GHz GHz) and transmit them as surface-wave transmissions over the power lines to base station device 10.
“Turning to FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, non-limiting embodiment for a backhaul network 200 according to various aspects of this document. FIG. 2 shows the embodiment. FIG. 2 is different from FIG. 1. The distributed antenna system does not have base station devices at one location and remote antennas. Instead, the base stations are scattered throughout the system and the backhaul connection can be made by surface waves transmitted over the power lines.
“System 200 contains an RF modem (202), which receives a network connection via physical or wireless connections to existing network infrastructure. The network connection can be made via fiber or cable and/or a high-bandwidth wireless connection. The RF modem can accept the network connection and process them for distribution to base stations devices 204 and206. The RF modem 200 can modulate millimeter-wave transmissions using a protocol like DOCSIS and send the signal to a launcher 208 The cone shown in FIG. 208 may be included in launcher 208. 5 for more details) that launches a millimeter wave band surface wave, which propagates along the wire as a guided wave.
“At utility pole 216, a repeater 220 receives the surface waves and can amplify them and transmit them over the power line to repeater 221. Repeater 210 may also contain a modem to extract the signal from the surface waves and send it to base station device number 204. Base station device (204) can then use the backhaul link to facilitate communications with mobile devices 220.
“Repeater212 can receive repeater 210’s millimeter-waveband surface wave transmission and extract a signal using a modem. It then outputs the signal to base station device 206, which can allow for communications with mobile device 221. Backhaul connections can also work in reverse. Transmissions from mobile devices 220, 222 are received by base station devices 204, 206 and forward them via the backhaul network. Repeaters 210 and 212 can then receive the messages. Repeaters 210 or 212 can convert the communications signals to a millimeter wave band surface wave and transmit them via the power line back at launcher 208, the RF modem 200 and then on to the mobile network.
“Turning to FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates an example of a distributed antenna network 300. FIG. FIG. 1. A base station device 302 may include a router 306 and a microcell 308. (or picocell or other small cell deployment). An external network connection 306 can be provided to the base station device 302. The network connection 306 may be either physical (fiber or cable), or wireless (high-bandwidth, microwave connection). In some cases, the macrocell site can be used as a link to existing infrastructure. Base station device 302 may share the network connection with macrocell sites that have high-data rate connections.
“The router304 can provide connectivity to microcell 308, which facilitates communication with mobile devices. FIG. FIG. Microcell 308’s RF output can be used to modulate 60 GHz signals and connected via fiber to launcher 318. Launcher 318 and repeater108 share similar functionality. A network connection 306 can link to either repeater 108 or launcher 318 (and 106 and 110 and etc .).”).
“In other embodiments, launcher 318 can be coupled with base station device 302 by quasi-optical coupling. (See FIG. 7). Launcher 318 has a millimeter wave interface 312 which shifts the frequency to a millimeter wavelength band signal. The signal can be transmitted by cone transceiver 314, over power line 318 as a surface-wave transmission.
The cone transceiver 314, which can create an electromagnetic field, is capable of propagating a guided wave along the wire. The surface wave or guided wave will remain parallel to the wire despite the wire’s bends and flexes. Transmission losses can be increased by bends. This is dependent on the wire diameter, frequency and materials.
Inductive power supply 310 can power the millimeter-wave interface 312, and cone transceiver 314 by receiving power inductively via the medium voltage or the high voltage power lines. A battery supply can also be used in other embodiments.
“Turning to FIG. “Turning now to FIG. 4, a block diagram showing an example, non-limiting embodiment a distributed antenna network in accordance with various aspects of this document is shown. System 400 includes a repeater 402. It has cone transceivers 411 and 412, and millimeter-wave interfaces 406 and 410. There is also an inductive power supply 408 as well as an antenna 414.
Transceiver 406 can receive a millimeter wave band surface wave transmission sent along the power line. The millimeter wave interface 406 converts the signal into an electronic signal in a cable, or a fibre-optic signal. It then forwards the signal to the cone transceiver 412 and millimeterwave interface 410 which send the signal along the power line as surface wave transmission. The millimeter wave interfaces 406 or 410 can shift the frequency between the millimeter and cellular bands. Antenna 414 transmits the signal to any mobile device within its range.
Antenna 414 is able to receive the return signals from mobile devices and transmit them to millimeter wave interfaces 406 or 410, which can shift the frequency upwards into another frequency band within the millimeterwave frequency range. The return signal can be transmitted as a surface-wave transmission to the base station device near the launcher using cone transceivers 412 and 404. base station device 302).”
Referring to FIG. 5 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, but not limited, of a backhaul network 500 according to various aspects discussed herein. FIG. 5 shows backhaul system 500 in more detail. 2. A RF modem 502 may include a router 504 or a modem 508. An external network connection 506 can be connected to the existing infrastructure and received by the RF modem 502. The network connection 506 may be either physical (fiber or cable), or wireless (high-bandwidth, microwave connection). Macrocell sites can sometimes be connected to the existing infrastructure via network connection 506 Macrocell sites have high-data rate network connections so RF modem 502 and macrocell sites can share the network connection.”
The modem 508 and router 504 can modulate a millimeter wave band transmission using protocols such as DOCSIS and then output the signal to a launcher 516. The signal can be sent to the launcher 516 by the RF modem 502 via a cable or fiber link. In certain embodiments, the RF modem 502 may be connected to launcher 516 via a quasi-optical coupling. (See FIG. 7).”
“The launcher 516 may include a millimeter wave interface 512, which shifts frequency of the RFmodem 502 output to a millimeterwave band signal. Cone transceiver 514 can transmit the signal as a surface-wave transmission. Cone transceiver 514 generates an electromagnetic field that is specifically designed to propagate along the wire 518 as a guided wave. The surface wave or guided wave will remain parallel to the wire despite the wire’s bends and flexes. Transmission losses can be increased by bends. This is dependent on the wire diameter, frequency and materials.
The inductive power supply (510) can power the millimeter-wave interface 512 or the cone transceiver 514. It receives inductive power from either the medium voltage, high voltage, or both power lines. A battery supply can also be used in other embodiments.
“FIG. “FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an illustration, non-limiting embodiment, of a backhaul network in accordance to various aspects of this invention. System 600 comprises a repeater 602 with cone transceivers 604 & 612, millimeter wave interfaces 606 & 610, an inductive power supply 608 as well as a microcell 614.
The transceiver 604 is capable of receiving a millimeter wave band surface wave transmission along a powerline. The millimeter wave interface 606 converts the signal into an electronic signal in a cable, or a fibre-optic signal. It then forwards the signal to cone transceiver 612 and millimeterwave interface 610 which send the signal along the power line as surface wave transmission. The millimeter wave interfaces 606 or 610 can shift the frequency between the millimeterwave band and cellular bands. Multiplexers and demultiplexers can be added to the millimeter-wave interfaces 606 or 610, which allow multiplexing signals in both frequency and time domains. A modem can be included in the millimeter-wave interfaces 606 or 610 that can demodulate the signal according to DOCSIS. To facilitate communication with a mobile device, the signal can be sent to microcell 614.
The millimeter-wave interfaces 606 or 610 can include a wireless access points. Wireless access points (e.g. 802.11ac) can allow the microcell 614 anywhere within the range of the wireless access points and do not require physical connection to repeater 602.
“FIG. “FIG.7” shows a block diagram showing an example, non-limiting embodiment for a quasi-optical coupler 700 in accordance to various aspects of this invention. High voltage and medium voltage power line work requires the expertise of certified and trained technicians. Ordinary craft technicians can install and maintain circuitry by locating it away from power lines of medium and high voltage. This example embodiment is a quasi optical coupler that allows the base station and surface transmitters to be disconnected from the power lines.
“Millimeter-wave frequencies are small wavelengths compared to the size of the equipment. The millimeter wave transmissions can be moved from one place to the next and diverted using lenses or reflectors. This is similar to visible light. Reflectors 706 and 708 can be positioned and oriented along power line 704 so that transmissions in the millimeter-wave range sent from transmitter 716 are reflected parallel with the powerline, and guided by the powerline as a surface wave. Reflectors 706 or 708 can also reflect surface waves in the millimeter-wave range (60 Ghz or greater for this embodiment), sent along power line 704. These beams are sent as collimated beams to dielectric lens 710, waveguide 718, and monolithic transmitter integrated circuit 716. The signal is then sent to base station 712.
“The transmitter apparatus 716 and base station 712 can receive power from a transformer 714 which may be part the existing power company infrastructure.”
“Turning to FIG. 8 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, but not limited, backhaul system according to various aspects. Backhaul system 800 comprises a base station device 808 which receives a network link via a physical connection or wireless connection to an existing network infrastructure. The network connection can be made via fiber or cable and/or microwave to a macrocell site nearby. A microcell or other small cell deployment can be included in the base station device 808. This will allow for communication with mobile device 820.
Radio repeater 802, which is communicably coupled with base station device 808, transmits a millimeter-band signal to radio repeater 804. Radio repeater 804 can transmit to radio repeater 806, and radio repeaters 804 or 806 can also forward the transmission. Microcells 810, 812 can also share the signal. This allows the network connection to be distributed via line-of-sight millimeter band transmissions through radio repeaters to a mesh network made up of microcells.
Radio repeaters are capable of transmitting broadcasts at frequencies higher than 100 GHz in certain embodiments. The antenna has a lower gain and a wider beamwidth than traditional millimeter-wave radio links. This allows for high availability at short distances (?500 ft), while the repeaters are small and affordable.
“In some embodiments the radio repeaters or microcells may be mounted on existing infrastructure, such as light poles 814-816 and 818.” Other embodiments allow radio repeaters or microcells to be mounted on utility poles that carry power lines or buildings.
“Turning to FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a non-limiting embodiment for a millimeter wave band antenna apparatus 900, in accordance to various aspects. To protect radio antennas 906 the plastic cover 902 can be fitted to the radio repeater 904. Mounting the radio repeater 904 to a utility pole or light pole 908 is possible with a mounting arm 910. The radio repeater 904 can also be powered by a power cord 912 and sends the signal to a nearby microcell via fiber or cable 914.
“In certain embodiments, the radio repeater 904 may include 16 antennas. The antennas can be placed radially and can each have approximately 24 degrees azimuthal beamwidth. The beamwidths of each antenna can overlap slightly. When transmitting or receiving transmissions, the radio repeater 904 can automatically choose the best sector antenna for the connection based on signal measurements like signal strength and signal to noise ratio. The radio repeater 904 is capable of automatically selecting the antennas to be used. In one embodiment, there are no strict requirements regarding mounting structure twist, tilt and sway.
“In some embodiments, a radio repeater 904 may include a microcell inside the apparatus. This allows a self-contained unit, as well as facilitating communication with mobile devices, to act as a repeater on a backhaul network. Other embodiments include a wireless access points (e.g. 802.11ac).”
“Turning Now to FIG. 10 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, non-limiting embodiment for an underground backhaul network in accordance to various aspects of this document. The transmission of guided electromagnetic wave can be carried out by pipes, regardless of whether they are dielectric or metallic. FIGS. 1 and 2 show distributed antenna backhaul networks. Underground conduits 1004 can be used to replicate the distributed antenna backhaul systems shown in FIGS. Underground conduits can carry power cables or other cables 1002, while at transformer box 1006 an R/F/optical modem converts (modulates or demodulates) the backhaul signal from or to the millimeter wave (40 GHz or more in an embodiment). The backhaul signal can be carried to a nearby microcell via a fiber or cable 1010.
A single conduit can carry millimeter-wave signals multiplexed in frequency or time domain fashion to serve many backhaul connections.
“FIG. FIG. 11 shows a process that is connected to the systems mentioned. FIG. 11. The process can be executed by systems 100, 200. 300. 400. 500. 600. 700. 1000. 1, 7, 10, and 10. Although the methods are described and shown as a series blocks, it should be understood that the claimed subject matter does not depend on the order of the blocks. Some blocks could occur in different or concurrent orders to what is described and illustrated herein. You may not need all the illustrated blocks to use the methods described in this article.
“FIG. “FIG. 11” illustrates a flow chart of an example, but not limited, of a method of providing a backhaul link as described herein. A first surface wave transmission over a powerline is received at step 1102. Cone transceivers can receive the surface wave transmission in certain embodiments. Reflectors placed on the power line may reflect the surface waves to a dielectric lens or waveguide, which converts the surface wave into an electrical transmission. The first surface wave transmission can be converted into an electronic transmission at step 1104. The cone transceiver is able to receive electromagnetic waves and convert them into electronic transmissions that can propagate through a circuit.
“At step 1106, the communication signal is extracted form the electronic transmission. An RF modem can extract the communication signal using a protocol like DOCSIS. To extract the communication signal, the RF modem can modulate or demodulate the electronic signals. The communication signal is a signal that is received over the mobile network and can be used to provide network connectivity to a distributed basestation.
“At 1108, the communication signal is sent to a nearby base station device. You can send the communication over fiber or cable or wirelessly via Wi-Fi (802.11ac).
“At 1110 the electronic transmission is transmitted over the powerline as a second surface-wave transmission. The surface wave can be launched by a second cone transceiver, or reflector to the power line. Both the first and second surface wave transmissions are at frequencies of at least 30 Ghz.
“Referring to FIG. “Referring now to FIG. 12, you will see a block diagram showing a computing environment according to various aspects. In some embodiments, the computer may be included in the mobile device data rate throttle system 200, 400 and 500, respectively.
FIG. 12 provides additional context for the various embodiments of these embodiments. FIG. 12 and the discussion that follows are meant to give additional context for various embodiments of these embodiments. Although the embodiments were described in the context of computer executable instructions that can run on one or multiple computers, the skilled in the art will know that the embodiments may be implemented with other modules, and/or as a combination hardware/software.
Program modules are routines, programs and components that execute specific tasks or implement abstract data types. The art is also able to be used with many other types of computer systems. This includes mainframes, single-processor and multiprocessor computers as well as hand-held computers, personal computers, and microprocessor-based consumer electronics. Each can be operatively linked to one or more related devices.
“The terms ‘first,? ?second,? ?third,? The use of the terms “third” and “fourth” in the claims is for clarity and does not indicate or suggest any time order. For instance, ?a first determination,? A second determination is, however. ?a second determination? This does not imply or indicate that the first determination must be made before the second, or vice versa.
“The illustrated embodiments can also be used in distributed computing environments, where remote processing devices are connected through a communication network to perform certain tasks. Program modules can be stored in both local memory storage devices and remote memory storage devices in a distributed computing environment.
Computer-readable media can be used to store data and/or communicate with media. These terms are used in different ways. Computer-readable media can include any storage media that can access by the computer. It can include volatile and nonvolatile media as well as removable and non-removable media. Computer-readable storage media, which can include program modules, computer-readable instructions and structured data, can be used in conjunction with any technology or method for storing information.
Computer-readable media may include read-only memory (RAM), random access memory, ROM, electrically erasable programmeable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memories or other memory technologies, compact disk read-only memory (CDROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical disk storage. Magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape or magnetic disk storage are all examples of computer-readable media that can be used for storing desired information. The terms “tangible” and “non-transitory” are used here. The terms?tangible? or?nontransitory? are used to describe these media. Herein, as it applies to storage, memories or computer-readable medium, is to be understood that they exclude only the propagation of transitory signal per se as modifiers and do not give up rights to standard storage, media or computer-readable media that aren’t only propagating transitory messages per se.”
“Computer-readable storage media are accessible by one or more remote computing devices.
“Communications media usually contain computer-readable instructions and data structures, program module or other structured or unstructured information in a data signal such a modulated signal. This includes any information delivery media or transport media. Modified data signals is a term that refers to a signal with a modulated data structure. The term “modulated data signal” refers to signals that have one or more characteristics changed or set in such a way as to encode information into one or more signals. Communication media can include both wired media (e.g., direct-wired connections or wired networks) and wireless media (e.g., RF, infrared, and other wireless media).
“With reference to FIG. “With reference to FIG. 12, the example environment 1200 is for implementing different embodiments of the aspects. It includes a computer 1202, a processor unit 1204, a computer memory 1206 and an interface 1208. The system bus 1208 links system components, including the system memory 1206 and the processing unit 1204. Any of the commercially available processors can be used to make the processing unit 1204. The processing unit 1204 can also include dual microprocessors or other multi-processor architectures.
“The system bus 1208 may be any one of many bus structures that can interconnect to a bus structure (with or without memory controller), a peripheral, and a bus using any of the available bus architectures. The system memory 1206 contains ROM 1210, RAM 1212. The system memory 1206 includes ROM 1210 and RAM 1212. A high-speed RAM, such as static RAM, can be included in RAM 1212. This RAM is used to cache data.
The computer 1202 also includes an internal hard drive (HDD), 1214 (e.g. EIDE, SATA), and can be configured for external usage in a suitable chassis (not illustrated), a magnetic Floppy Disk Drive (FDD), 1216, and an optical drive (1220), (e.g. to read or write from a removable diskette 1218 or to read or write from other high-capacity optical media like the DVD). The system bus 1208 can be connected to the hard disk drive 1214 and magnetic drive 1216, and optical disk drives 1220 by an interface 1224, 1226, and 1228 respectively. Interface 1224 for external drive implementations comprises at least one of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (994) interface technologies. The embodiments herein may also be used to connect external drives.
The drives and associated computer-readable media allow for nonvolatile storage, including data structures and instructions. The storage media and drives are suitable for any digital format. While the above description refers to a hard drive (HDD), removable magnetic diskette (ROMD), and a removable optical diskette such as CD or DVD, those skilled in the art should appreciate that other storage media that are readable by computers, such zip drives, magnetic cassettes flash memory cards, cartridges and the like can be used in this example operating environment. Furthermore, any storage media that can contain computer-executable instructions can be used for the procedures described herein.
There are many program modules that can be stored on the drives and RAM 1212 including an operating system 1230 and one or more applications 1232 and other program modules 1234, and program data 1236. The RAM 1212 can store all or part of the operating system, application modules, data, and/or data. These systems and methods can be implemented using any combination of commercially available operating system or other combinations.
“A user can input commands and information into the computer 1202 via one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., keyboard 1238 and a pointer, such as a mouse (1240). Not shown are other input devices, such as a microphone, an infrared remote control, a joystick or gamepad, a stylus pen, touch screen, and a stylus pen. These input devices and others are connected to the processing device 1204 via an input device interface 1242. This interface can be coupled with the system bus 1208, however, other interfaces can also be used, including a parallel port or an IEEE 1394 serial port. A game port, a universal Serial Bus (USB), port, IR interface, and so on.
“A monitor 1244, or any other type of display device, can also be connected to the system bus 1208, via an interface such as a video adapter (1246). A computer usually includes additional peripheral output devices (not illustrated), such as speakers or printers.
The computer 1202 can be used in a networked environment by using logical connections via wired or wireless communications to one or several remote computers such as remote computer(s). 1248 Remote computer(s), 1248 could be a computer workstation, server computer, router, personal computer, or portable computer. They can also include many or all elements that are described relative to computer 1202. However, the illustration only shows a memory/storage device 1250. These logical connections include wired and wireless connectivity to a local network (LAN) 1252 or larger networks, such as a wide-area network (WAN), 1254. These LAN and WAN networking environments can be found in many offices and businesses and allow for enterprise-wide computer networks such as intranets. They also connect to a global communication network (e.g. the Internet).
The computer 1202 can connect to the local network 1252 via a wired or wireless communication network adapter 1256. The adapter 1256 allows wired and wireless communication to the LAN1252. It can also be equipped with a wireless AP for communicating with wireless adapter 1256.
“The computer 1202 can have a modem 1258, can connect to a communications server 1254 or other means of establishing communications over WAN 1254 such as the Internet. The input device interface 1242 allows the modem 1258 to be connected via the system bus 1208, which can be either an internal or external device. Program modules or portions of program modules can be stored in remote memory/storage device 1250 in a networked environment. You will appreciate that the network connections are just an example of the many ways to establish a communication link between computers.
Wi-Fi allows you to connect to the Internet without using wires from any place, including a couch at home or in a hotel room. Wi-Fi, which is similar to a cell phone’s wireless technology, allows such devices (e.g. computers) to send and receive data indoors as well as outdoors; within the reach of a base station. Wi-Fi networks are built using radio technologies known as IEEE 802.11 (a), b, and g, respectively. To provide reliable, secure and fast wireless connectivity. Wi-Fi networks can connect computers to one another, to the Internet and to wired networks (which may use IEEE 802.3, Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks work in unlicensed radio bands 2.4 and 5.GHz at an 11 Mbps (802.11a), 54 Mbps (802.11b), data rate or with products that include both bands (dual-band), so they can offer real-world performance comparable to basic 10 BaseT wired Ethernet network used in many offices.
“FIG. “FIG. 13 shows an example embodiment 1300 for a mobile network platform 1310. This platform can implement and exploit any of the disclosed subjects. Wireless network platform 1310 may include components such as nodes, gateways and interfaces. These components can facilitate packet-switched traffic (e.g. internet protocol (IP), frame-relay, asynchronous transfer modes (ATM), and circuit-switched traffic (e.g. voice and data) as well as control generation for wireless telecommunications. Wireless network platform 1310, which can be included in telecommunications carriers, can be considered carrier-side parts as described elsewhere. Mobile network platform 1310 also includes CS gateway(s), 1312 that can interface CS traffic from legacy networks such as telephony network(s), 1340, or public land mobile network. (PLMN), or a signaling systems #7 (SS7) network 1370. Circuit switched gateway node(s), 1312 can authenticate and authorize traffic (e.g. voice) that arises from such networks. CS gateway node(s), 1312 can also access roaming or mobility data generated by SS7 network 1370. For instance, mobility data stored within a visited location registry (VLR), can be stored in memory 1330. CS gateway nodes (1312 and 1318 interface with CS-based traffic, signaling and PS gateway(s). In a 3GPP UMTS network the CS gateway node(s), 1312 can be implemented at least partially in gateway GPRS support number(s) (GGSN). It is important to understand that the radio technology(ies), used by mobile network platform 1310, provides functionality and dictates operation for CS gateway node(s), 1312, and PS gateway node (s)1318.
“PS gateway node(s), 1318 can not only receive and process CS-switched data and signaling but also authorize and authenticate PS based data sessions with mobile devices. Data sessions include traffic or content that is exchanged with networks outside of the wireless network platform 1310. These include wide area network (WANs), enterprise network (s)1370 and service network (s)1380. Local area network (LANs) can also be used to encapsulate PS-based data sessions. The mobile network platform can also be interfaced through PS gateway(s). 1318. Note that enterprise networks (WANs) 1350 and 1360 can contain, at minimum in part, service network(s), such as IP multimedia subsystems (IMS). Based on radio technology layer(s), packet-switched Gateway nodes (1318) can create packet data protocol contexts once a data session has been established. Other data structures that allow packetized data routing can also be generated. In one aspect, the PS gateway node(s), 1318 can include a tunnel gateway (TTG in 3GPP UMTS network (not shown),) that can facilitate packetized communication between disparate wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi networks.
“In embodiment 1310, wireless network platform 1310 also contains serving node(s), 1316 that, based on available radio technology layer(s), 1317, transmit the various packetized streams of data streams received via PS gateway node (s)1318. Note that server nodes can deliver traffic to technology resource(s), 1317 that rely primarily upon CS communication. For example, servernode(s), can be at least partially a mobile switching centre. In a 3GPP UMTS network serving node(s), 1316 can be embodied as serving GPRS support number(s).
Server(s) 1314 can run many applications to generate packetized data streams and flows for radio technologies that exploit packetized communications. . . ) These flows. These applications can add on features to standard services, such as billing, provisioning and customer support. . . ) Provided by wireless network platform 1310. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s) 1318 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data session, and to serving node(s) 1316 for communication thereafter. Server(s) 1314 may also include utility server(s). A utility server can contain a provisioning, operations and maintenance server, security server, and a certificate authority. A security server(s), in accordance with an aspect, secure communication via wireless network platform 1310 to ensure network operation and data integrity. They also provide authorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway(s), 1312 and PS gateway(s), 1318 can enact. Provisioning server(s), on the other hand, can provide services via external networks such as those operated by different service providers, such as WAN 1350 and Global Positioning System network(s). (Not shown). Provisioning server(s), can also provide coverage via networks associated with wireless network platform 1310 (e.g. deployed and operated jointly by the same provider), such as femtocell networks (not shown) which enhance indoor confined space coverage and offload RAN resources to improve subscriber experience in a home or work environment through UE 1375.
“It should be noted that server(s), 1314 can contain one or more processors designed to confer at most in part the functionality on macro network platform 1310. The one or more processors can execute code instructions stored within memory 1330 to accomplish this. Server(s) 1314 may also include a content manager 1315. This works in much the same way as described hereinbefore.
“In the example embodiment 1300 memory 1330 can hold information about operation of wireless platform 1310. Other operational information includes provisioning information for mobile devices that are served by wireless platform network 1310; subscriber databases; pricing schemes; application intelligence; pricing schemes; e.g. promotional rates, flat rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specifications(s) compatible with telecommunication protocols to operate disparate radio or wireless technology layers; and so on. Also, memory 1330 can store information from at most one of the following telephony networks: WAN 1350; enterprise network(s), 1360 or SS7 network1370. Memory 1330 can, in one aspect, be accessed as a component of a data storage component or as a remote memory store.
FIG. 13 provides a context to the different aspects of the disclosed subject material. 13 and the discussion that follows are meant to give a general overview of the environment in which various aspects of the disclosed matter can be implemented. Although the subject matter was described in the context of computer-executable instructions in a computer program that runs on computers and/or other computers, those who are skilled in the art will know that it can also be used in conjunction with other modules. Program modules generally include routines, programs and components. Modules that are used to perform specific tasks or implement certain abstract data types.
“Turning to FIG. 14A is a block diagram that illustrates an example of a non-limiting embodiment for a communication system 1400 according to various aspects of this disclosure. A macro base station 1402 can be included in the communication system 1400. This is a base station, or access point with antennas that covers one to six sectors. A macro base station 1402 may be communicatively connected to a communication 1404A, which acts as a master node or distribution node for communication nodes 1404B and 1404E located at different geographic locations within or outside the coverage area of the macro station 1402. The communication nodes 1404 are a distributed antenna system that handles communications traffic from client devices, such as cell phones and fixed/stationary devices, which can be wirelessly connected to any of the 1404 communication nodes. The wireless resources of the macro-base station 1402 can be made accessible to mobile devices. This is done by allowing or redirecting certain mobile and/or fixed devices to use the wireless resources at a communication node 1404 within their communication range.
“The communication nodes 1404A and 1404E can be communicatively connected to one another over an interface 1410. The interface 1410 may be wired or tethered (e.g. fiber optic cable) in one embodiment. Other embodiments of the interface 1410 include a wireless radio frequency interface that forms a radio distributed antenna system. Depending on the instructions given by the macro base station 1402, the communication nodes 1804A?E can be configured to provide communication services for mobile and stationary devices. Other examples of operation, however, show that the communication nodes 1804A-E can be used as analog repeaters to extend the coverage of the micro base station 1402 over the entire range of individual communication nodes 1404A?E.
“The communication nodes 1404 are micro base stations that can be used to communicate with the macro base station. They have many differences. The communication range of micro base stations may be shorter than that of the macro base station. The power consumption of the micro base stations may be lower than that of the macro base station. Optionally, the macro base station directs micro base stations to determine which mobile and/or fixed devices they should communicate with and what carrier frequency, spectral segment, and/or timeslot schedule to use such spectral segments when communicating with specific mobile or stationary devices. The macro base station can control the micro base stations in master-slave or other control configurations. The resources available to the micro base stations, whether they are operating on their own or under the supervision of the macro-base station 1402, can be more efficient and cost-effective than those of the macro station 1402.
“Turning Now to FIG. 14B is a block diagram showing an example of the communication nodes 1404B?E in the communication system 1400. 14A is shown. The communication nodes 1404B and 1404E are shown on an illustration. Other embodiments allow some of the communication nodes 1404B-E to be placed on a building, pole or utility post that is used to distribute power or communication lines. These illustrations show how the communication nodes 1404B and 1404E can be set up to communicate over the interface 1410. In this illustration, it is a wireless interface. You can configure the communication nodes 1404B to communicate with stationary or mobile devices 1406A through a wireless interface 1411. This wireless interface conforms to one or several communication protocols, such as fourth generation (4G), wireless signals like LTE signals or other 4G signal, fifth generation (5G), wireless signals, WiMAX signals, 802.11 signals, ultra wideband signals, and so forth. The communication nodes 1404 can be set up to transmit signals over the interface 1410 at a frequency higher than that used for communicating with mobile or stationary devices (e.g. 28 GHz and 38 GHz respectively, 60 GHz and 80 GHz respectively). Communication between the communication nodes 1404 can be done at a higher carrier frequency and with a wider bandwidth. This allows the communication nodes 1404 to communicate with multiple mobile or stationary devices using one or more different frequency bands (e.g. a 900 MHz band, 1.9 GHz band, a 2.4 GHz band, and/or a 5.8 GHz band, etc.) You may also use one or more different protocols as illustrated in the spectral uplink and downlink diagrams of FIG. 15A, as described below. Other embodiments include those where the interface 1410 uses a guided wave communication system on a wire. In the range of 2-6 GHz to 4-10 GHz (e.g. ”
“Turning Now to FIGS. 14C-14D are block diagrams that illustrate non-limiting embodiments for a communication node 1404 in the communication system 1400. 14A is shown. The communication node 1404 can be attached to the support structure 1418 of a utility fixture, such as a utility pole or post as shown in FIG. 14C. 14C. A plastic housing assembly 1416 can be added to the communication node 1404, which covers parts of the node 1404. A power line 1421 can be used to power the communication node 1404, such as 110/220 VAC. The power line 1421 can come from a light pole, or it can be connected to a utility pole’s power line.
“In an embodiment in which the communication nodes 1404 communicate wirelessly with each other 1404 as shown at FIG. 14B shows a top 1412 of the communication device 1404. (also illustrated in FIG. 14D can include a plurality or parts of an antenna 1422 (e.g. 16 dielectric antennas without metal surfaces) that are coupled to one or several transceivers, such as the 1400 transceiver illustrated in FIG. 14. Each of the plurality antennas 1422 on the top side 1412 may be used as a sector in the communication node 1404, each one capable of communicating with at most one communication node 1404 within the sector’s communication range. Alternately, or in combination with other communication nodes 1404, the interface 1410 can be a tethered (e.g. a fiber optic cable or a powerline used for transporting guided electromagnetic waves, as described previously). The interface 1410 may differ between the communication nodes 1404. This means that some communication nodes 1404 can communicate via a wireless interface while others may use a tethered connection. Other embodiments allow communications nodes 1404 to use a combination wireless and tethered connection.
“A bottom side 1414 can contain a plurality antennas 1424 to wirelessly communicate with one or more mobile/stationary devices 1406 at a frequency suitable for mobile or stationary 1406. The communication node 1404 uses a different carrier frequency to communicate with mobile or station devices via the wireless interface 1411 as shown in FIG. 14B may be different than the carrier frequency used to communicate between the communication nodes 1404 over the interface 1410. A plurality of antennas 1424 in the bottom 1414 of the communication Node 1404 may also use a transceiver, such as the 1400 in FIG. 14.”
“Turning to FIG. 15A is a block diagram showing an example of non-limiting downlink and toplink communication techniques that enable a base station communication with the communication nodes 1404 in FIG. 14A is shown. FIG. FIG. 15A illustrates that downlink signals, i.e. signals from the macro base station 1402 to the communication nos 1404, can be spectrally broken down into control channels 1502 and downlink spectral sections 1506 which each include modulated signals that can be frequency converted back to their native frequency band to enable the communication nodes 1404 communicate with mobile or stationary devices 1506. Pilot signals 1504 can also be supplied with any or all of 1506 to reduce distortion between the communication nos 1504. To remove phase distortion and distortion from receive signals (e.g., phase distortion) the pilot signals 1504 can also be processed by top side 1416 (wireless or tethered) transceivers of downstream communications nodes 1404. Each downlink segment 1506 can have a bandwidth 1505 that is sufficient (e.g. 50 MHz) for it to contain a pilot signal 1504 as well as one or more downlink modulated messages located in frequency channels (or frequencies slots) within the spectral section 1506. These modulated signals may be used to communicate with mobile devices or WLAN channels (e.g. 10-20 MHz).
“Uplink modulated signal generated by mobile/stationary communication device in their native/original frequencies can be frequency converted and located in frequency channels or frequency slots in the uplink segment 1510. Uplink modulated signals may be cellular channels, WLAN channels, or other modulated communications signals. The uplink spectral segments 1510 can have a similar bandwidth 1505 or a different one 1508. A pilot signal 1508 can also be included with any spectral segment 15010 to allow upstream communication nodes 1404 or the macro base station 1402 remove distortion (e.g. phase error).
“In the illustrated embodiment, the downlink and the uplink spectral segments 1506 & 1510 contain a plurality frequency channels (or frequency slot), that can be occupied by modulated signals frequency converted from any number native/original frequency band (e.g. a 900 MHz band, 1.9 GHz band, a 2.4 GHz band, and/or a 5.8 GHz band, etc.). The modulated signals can then be converted to adjacent frequency channels within the downlink and/or uplink spectral segments 1506, and 1510. This allows for some frequency channels to include modulated signals in adjacent frequencies in downlink and uplink spectral segments 1506 and 1510. However, adjacent frequency channels within the downlink segment 1506 may also contain modulated signals that were originally in different frequency bands. Other adjacent frequency channel can be found in the downlink segment 1506. These modulated signals can also be frequency converted to be in adjacent frequency channels of downlink segment 1506. A first modulated signal can be placed in adjacent frequency channels in a downlink segment 1506. For example, it is possible to convert a second modulated signal from a frequency band of 1.9GHz and place them in the same frequency channel. Another example is that a first modulated signal within a 1.9GHz band and a second signal in another frequency band (i.e. 2.4GHz) can be frequency converted, and thus positioned in adjacent frequency channel of a downlink segment 1506. Frequency channels in a downlink segment 1506 are open to any combination of modulated signals from the same signaling protocol and native/original frequencies.
“Similarly, although some frequency channels within an uplink spectrum segment 1510 may contain modulated signals that were originally in the same frequency band, other frequency channels within the uplink sector 1510 may also include modulated signal originally in different native/original frequencies, but converted to be placed in adjacent frequency channel of an uplink segment 15.10. A first communication signal can be placed in a 2.4 GHz frequency band with a second signal in a different frequency band. Another example is that a first communication signals in a 1.9 GHz frequency band and a second signal in a frequency band (i.e. 2.4 GHz) can both be frequency converted and thereby placed in adjacent frequency channels in the uplink spectral section 1506. Frequency channels in an uplink segment 1510 can therefore be used with any combination modulated signals from the same or different signaling protocols, and within the same or different native/original frequency band. A downlink spectral section 1506 and uplink spectral segments 1510 can be separated only by a guard band, or by a greater frequency spacing depending on the spectral assignment.
“Turning to FIG. 15B is a block diagram 1520 that illustrates an example non-limiting embodiment for a communication node. The communication node device, such as communication node 1404A, is a radio distributed antenna network that includes a base station interface 1522 and duplexer/diplexer assemblies 1524. It also includes two transceivers 1530, 1532. The communication node 1404A can be placed in conjunction with a base station (e.g. a macro basestation 1402), and duplexer/diplexer assemblies 1524 and 1530 can be omitted. The transceiver can then be connected directly to the base station interface 1522.
“In different embodiments, the base station interface 1522 receives a modulated signal with one or more downlink channels in a first spectrum segment for transmission to a client device like a mobile communication device. The first segment is a frequency band that corresponds to the original/native modulated signal. One or more downlink communication channels can be included in the first modulated signal. These communication channels must conform to a signaling protocol. This protocol could include a LTE, 4G, 5G, wireless communication protocol, ultra-wideband protocol, WiMAX protocol, or any other wireless local network protocol. The duplexer/diplexer 1524 transmits the first modulated signal within the first segment to the transceiver 1503, for direct communication with one of several mobile communication devices that are within range of the communication Node 1404A. The transceiver 1530 can be implemented using analog circuitry. It merely provides filtration to pass the spectrums of the downlink and uplink channels of modulated signal in their native frequency bands, while attenuating out of-band signals, power amplifier, transmit/receive shifting, duplexing and diplexing.
“In other embodiments the transceiver 1532 can perform frequency conversion from the first modulated signals in the first segment to the first signal at a carrier frequency. This is based on various embodiments of an analog signal processing of first modulated signals without altering the signaling protocol. One or more frequency channels can be used by the first modulated signal at the carrier frequency to make up a downlink segment 1506. The first carrier frequency may be within a millimeterwave or microwave frequency range. Analog signal processing is defined as filtering, switching and diplexing. It also includes frequency up or down conversion and any other analog processing that doesn’t require digital signal processing. This includes, without limitation, analog to digital, digital to analog, and digital frequency conversion. The transceiver 1532 may be used to convert the frequency of the first modulated signals in the first segment to the first carrier frequency. This is done by applying digital signal processing without any analog signal processing, and without altering the signaling protocol for the first modulated sign. Another embodiment of frequency conversion is possible with the transceiver 15.32. This can be done by applying digital signal processing and analog processing to first modulated signals in the first segment and without changing the signaling protocol.
The transceiver 1532 may also be configured to transmit one, more or all of the corresponding control channels, one, or more reference signals (e.g. pilot signals or other reference signal) and/or one, more clock signals along with the first modulated signals at the first carrier frequencies to a network element. This allows wireless distribution of the modulated signal to mobile communication devices after frequency conversion by the network element to first spectral segments. The reference signal allows the network element (and/or any other forms of signal distortion), to reduce phase errors during the processing of the first modulated signals from the first carrier frequency into the first spectral section. Instructions can be included in the control channel to instruct the distributed antenna system’s communication node to convert the first modulated signals at the first carrier frequency into the first modulated signals in the first segment. This is used to control frequency selections, reuse patterns, handoff, and/or any other control signaling. The transceiver channel can contain a digital signal processing element that converts analog to digital, digital to analog, and processes digital data transmitted or received via the control channels in embodiments that use digital signals. To synchronize the timing of the digital control channel processing by downstream communication nodes 1404B?E, the clock signals provided with the downlink spectrum segment 1506 can also be used to retrieve instructions from the control channels and/or provide other timing signals.
“In different embodiments, the transceiver can receive a second modulated signals at a second carrier frequencies from a network element like a 1404B-E. One or more uplink frequency channels can be occupied by a second modulated signal. This signal can conform to a signaling protocol like a LTE, other 4G wireless protocols, a 5G wireless communications protocol, or an ultra-wideband protocol. The mobile or stationary communication device generates a second modulated signals in a second segment, such as an original/native band. The network element frequency converts this second modulated frequency signal to the second carrier frequency and transmits it at the second carrier frequencies as received by the communications node 1404A. The transceiver 1532 converts the second modulated signals at the second carrier frequency into the second modulated signals in the second segment. It then transmits the second segment’s modulated signal via the duplexer/diplexer assembly and base station interface 1522 to a base station such as macro base stations 1402, for processing.
Consider the following scenarios where the communication node 1404A has been implemented in a distributed antenna network. Signals can be modulated and formatted to use uplink frequency channel 1510 in an uplink spectral section 1506 or downlink frequency channel 1506 in a downlink spectral segments 1506. These signals can be modulated in accordance with a DOCSIS 2.0 standard protocol, a WiMAX protocol, an ultra wideband protocol, a 802.11 protocol, a 4G/5G voice and data protocol like an LTE protocol or other standard communication protocols. Any of the protocols listed above can be modified to work with FIG. 14A. A protocol 802.11 or another protocol can be modified to add additional guidelines and/or a different data channel to provide collision detection/multiple accessibility over a larger area (e.g. Allows network elements or communication devices to communicate with each other via one frequency channel of a downlink spectrum segment 1506 or 1510. All of the uplink frequency channels in the uplink segment 1510 or downlink frequency channel in the downlink segment 1506 can be formatted according to the same communication protocol. You can also use two or more different protocols on the uplink segment 1510 and downlink segment 1506 to be compatible with different client devices, and/or operate in different frequency band.
“When two or more different protocols are used, a subset downlink frequency channel of the downlink segment 1506 can can be modulated according to a first protocol. A second subset downlink frequency channel of the Downlink spectral Segment 1506 can be modulated according to a second protocol that differs slightly from the first protocol. The system for demodulation can also receive a subset (or subset) of the downlink frequency channels from the uplink segment 1510. A second standard protocol can be used to demodulate a second subset (or subset) of the uplink frequencies channels.
These examples show that the base station interface 1522 can receive modulated signals, such as one or several downlink channels, in their native frequency bands from a macro base station 1402 (or other communications network element). The base station interface 1522 may also be used to transmit modulated signals from another network element. These signals can then be frequency converted into modulated signals with one or more uplink channels. Base station interface 1522 is possible via wired or wireless interface. It bidirectionally transmits communication signals, such as uplink or downlink channels in their native frequency bands, communication control signal and other network signaling to a macro base station. The duplexer/diplexer assembly 1504 is designed to transmit the downlink channel frequencies in their native frequency bands to the transceiver (1532). This frequency converts the frequency frequency of downlink channels into the frequency spectrum for interface 1410. In this case, a wireless communication link is used to transport communication signals downstream to one of the communication nodes 1404B or E of the distributed antenna system within range of the communication device 1404A.
“In different embodiments, the transceiver1532 includes an analog radio that frequencies converts downlink channel signals into their original/native frequency band via mixing or any other heterodyne action. This frequency conversion generates frequency converted downlink channels signals that occupy the downlink frequency channels in the downlink spectrum segment 1506. The downlink spectral section 1506 is shown in this illustration. It falls within the downlink frequency range of the interface 1410. An embodiment of downlink channel signals is up-converted from the original/native frequency band to a 28GHz, 38GHz, 60GHz, 70GHz, or 80GHz band of downlink spectral section 1506. This allows for line-of sight wireless communications to one or several other communication nodes 1404B?E. However, other frequencies can also be used for the downlink spectral segments 1506 (e.g. 3 GHz to 5GHz). The transceiver 1532, for example, can be used to down-convert one or more of the downlink channel signals in the original/native spectrum bands when the frequency band of interface 1410 falls below that of the one/more downlink channel signals.
“The transceiver 1532 may be connected to multiple antennas, such antennas 1422 shown in conjunction with FIG. 14D is used to communicate with the communication nodes 1404B. It can be a phased antenna array, steerable beam, or multi-beam antenna system that allows for multiple devices to communicate with each other at different locations. A duplexer/diplexer unit 1524 may include a triplexer or splitter, router, switch, router, and/or any other assembly that acts as a “channel duplexer?” To provide bidirectional communication over multiple communication paths using one or more original/native spectrum segments of the uplink or downlink channels.
Summary for “Backhaul link to distributed antenna system”
“As smart phones, tablets, and other mobile devices become more common, data usage is skyrocketing, macrocell base stations, and the existing wireless infrastructure, are being overwhelmed.” Small cell deployment is being explored to provide more mobile bandwidth. Picocells and microcells offer coverage in much smaller areas than traditional macrocells but at a high cost.
“One or more embodiments will now be described using reference to the drawings. Like reference numerals can be used throughout to refer to similar elements. The following description will provide an explanation of many details to help you understand the different embodiments. However, it is clear that many embodiments can be used without these details and without applying to any particular standard or networked environment.
The backhaul network linking the microcells and macrocells with the mobile network expands in order to provide network connectivity to other base stations. It is difficult to provide a wireless backhaul connection due to the limited bandwidth at common frequencies. Although fiber and cable both have bandwidth, the cost of installing these connections can prove prohibitive because of the distributed nature small cell deployments.
“These and other considerations are considered in the system. A memory stores instructions, and a processor is communicatively coupled with the memory to enable execution of instructions. The instructions include facilitating the receipt of a first guide wave via a powerline and converting it to an electronic transmission. Also included are the operations of facilitating transmission an electronic signal from the electronic transmission into a base station device. These operations may also include the conversion of an electronic transmission into a second-guided wave and the facilitation of transmission via the power line.
“Another embodiment contains a memory to store instructions, and a processor that is communicatively coupled with the memory to facilitate execution the instructions to perform operations such as receiving a first transmission from the first radio repeater. A second transmission can be directed to a second radio repeater. The second transmission must have a frequency of at most 57 GHz. Operations also include the determination of an electronic signal from the first transmission, and the directing of the electronic signal to the base station device.
“Another embodiment of the method involves receiving, via a device with a processor, an initial surface wave transmission over a power line, and then converting that first surface wave transmision into an electronic transmission. This method may also include extracting a communications signal from an electronic transmission and sending it to a base station device. This method may also include transmitting an electronic transmission as a second-surface wave transmission over a power line, where the frequency of the first and second surface waves transmissions is at least 30 GHz.
“Various embodiments herein refer to a system that provides a distributed antenna system for small cell deployments and/or a backhaul connection. Instead of building new structures and adding fiber and cable, the embodiments disclosed herein use existing power lines infrastructure and high-bandwidth millimeter wave communications. The distributed base stations can be connected to via underground backhaul connections using buried electrical conduits and power lines.
“An embodiment can use an overhead millimeter wave system to provide backhaul connectivity. Modules can be attached to existing infrastructure such as utility poles or streetlights. The modules can also contain base stations and antennas that transmit millimeter waves between other modules. A module, or node, can be communicably connected, either via fiber/cable or by a standard 57?64 Ghz GHz microwave connection to a macrocell location that is physically connected with the mobile network.
“In another embodiment, nodes for base stations can be placed on utility poles. The backhaul connection can then be made by transmitters that transmit millimeter-waveband surface wave transmissions over the power lines between nodes. One site can be connected to multiple base stations via surface wave transmission over powerlines to a distributed antenna network, which includes cellular antennas at the nodes. Underground conduits are another option for transmitting guided waves. The waves propagate in the space between the conduits and the powerlines. Existing transformer boxes can house signal extractors or base stations.
“Click here to go to FIG. 1. Illustrated is an example, but not limited to, of a distributed antenna network 100 according to various aspects discussed herein.
“Distributed antenna 100” includes one or more bases stations (e.g. base station device 104) which are communicably coupled with a macrocell site. Base station device (104) can be connected via fiber, cable, or microwave wireless to macrocell site. Macrocells, such as macrocell sites 102, can be connected to the mobile network via dedicated connections. Base station device 104 can also piggyback off of macrocellsite 102’s connection. Base station device104 can be attached or mounted to utility pole 116. Base station device 104 may also be located near transformers or other locations that are close to a power line.
“Base station device104 can provide connectivity to mobile devices 122 or 124. Antennas 112 & 114 can be mounted near utility poles 120 and 118 to receive signals from base station device. They then transmit the signals to mobile devices 122, 124. This is much more than if antennas 112 & 114 were near base station device.
“It should be noted that FIG. For simplicity, FIG. 1 shows three utility poles with one base station device. Other embodiments of utility pole 116 may have additional base station devices and one or more utilitypoles with distributed antennas.
The launcher 106 transmits the signal from base station device 104, to antennas 112 or 114 via a power line that connects the utility poles 120, 118 and 120. Launcher 106 converts base station device 104’s signal to a millimeter wave band signal. Launcher 106 may also include a cone transmitter (see FIG. 3. This launches a millimeter wave band surface wave, which propagates along the wire as a guided wave. A repeater 108 can receive the surface wave at utility pole 118 and can amplify it to send it forward along the power line. Repeater 108 can also extract the signal from the millimeter wave band surface wave and shift it down to its original frequency in the cellular band (e.g. 1.9 GHz). An antenna can transmit downshifted signal to mobile device 122. Repeater 110, antenna 112 and mobile device 124 can repeat the process.
Antennas 112 or 114 can also receive transmissions from mobile devices 122, 124. Repeaters 110 and 108 can shift the cellular band signals into the millimeter-wave spectrum (e.g. 60-110GHz GHz) and transmit them as surface-wave transmissions over the power lines to base station device 10.
“Turning to FIG. 2 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, non-limiting embodiment for a backhaul network 200 according to various aspects of this document. FIG. 2 shows the embodiment. FIG. 2 is different from FIG. 1. The distributed antenna system does not have base station devices at one location and remote antennas. Instead, the base stations are scattered throughout the system and the backhaul connection can be made by surface waves transmitted over the power lines.
“System 200 contains an RF modem (202), which receives a network connection via physical or wireless connections to existing network infrastructure. The network connection can be made via fiber or cable and/or a high-bandwidth wireless connection. The RF modem can accept the network connection and process them for distribution to base stations devices 204 and206. The RF modem 200 can modulate millimeter-wave transmissions using a protocol like DOCSIS and send the signal to a launcher 208 The cone shown in FIG. 208 may be included in launcher 208. 5 for more details) that launches a millimeter wave band surface wave, which propagates along the wire as a guided wave.
“At utility pole 216, a repeater 220 receives the surface waves and can amplify them and transmit them over the power line to repeater 221. Repeater 210 may also contain a modem to extract the signal from the surface waves and send it to base station device number 204. Base station device (204) can then use the backhaul link to facilitate communications with mobile devices 220.
“Repeater212 can receive repeater 210’s millimeter-waveband surface wave transmission and extract a signal using a modem. It then outputs the signal to base station device 206, which can allow for communications with mobile device 221. Backhaul connections can also work in reverse. Transmissions from mobile devices 220, 222 are received by base station devices 204, 206 and forward them via the backhaul network. Repeaters 210 and 212 can then receive the messages. Repeaters 210 or 212 can convert the communications signals to a millimeter wave band surface wave and transmit them via the power line back at launcher 208, the RF modem 200 and then on to the mobile network.
“Turning to FIG. 3 is a block diagram that illustrates an example of a distributed antenna network 300. FIG. FIG. 1. A base station device 302 may include a router 306 and a microcell 308. (or picocell or other small cell deployment). An external network connection 306 can be provided to the base station device 302. The network connection 306 may be either physical (fiber or cable), or wireless (high-bandwidth, microwave connection). In some cases, the macrocell site can be used as a link to existing infrastructure. Base station device 302 may share the network connection with macrocell sites that have high-data rate connections.
“The router304 can provide connectivity to microcell 308, which facilitates communication with mobile devices. FIG. FIG. Microcell 308’s RF output can be used to modulate 60 GHz signals and connected via fiber to launcher 318. Launcher 318 and repeater108 share similar functionality. A network connection 306 can link to either repeater 108 or launcher 318 (and 106 and 110 and etc .).”).
“In other embodiments, launcher 318 can be coupled with base station device 302 by quasi-optical coupling. (See FIG. 7). Launcher 318 has a millimeter wave interface 312 which shifts the frequency to a millimeter wavelength band signal. The signal can be transmitted by cone transceiver 314, over power line 318 as a surface-wave transmission.
The cone transceiver 314, which can create an electromagnetic field, is capable of propagating a guided wave along the wire. The surface wave or guided wave will remain parallel to the wire despite the wire’s bends and flexes. Transmission losses can be increased by bends. This is dependent on the wire diameter, frequency and materials.
Inductive power supply 310 can power the millimeter-wave interface 312, and cone transceiver 314 by receiving power inductively via the medium voltage or the high voltage power lines. A battery supply can also be used in other embodiments.
“Turning to FIG. “Turning now to FIG. 4, a block diagram showing an example, non-limiting embodiment a distributed antenna network in accordance with various aspects of this document is shown. System 400 includes a repeater 402. It has cone transceivers 411 and 412, and millimeter-wave interfaces 406 and 410. There is also an inductive power supply 408 as well as an antenna 414.
Transceiver 406 can receive a millimeter wave band surface wave transmission sent along the power line. The millimeter wave interface 406 converts the signal into an electronic signal in a cable, or a fibre-optic signal. It then forwards the signal to the cone transceiver 412 and millimeterwave interface 410 which send the signal along the power line as surface wave transmission. The millimeter wave interfaces 406 or 410 can shift the frequency between the millimeter and cellular bands. Antenna 414 transmits the signal to any mobile device within its range.
Antenna 414 is able to receive the return signals from mobile devices and transmit them to millimeter wave interfaces 406 or 410, which can shift the frequency upwards into another frequency band within the millimeterwave frequency range. The return signal can be transmitted as a surface-wave transmission to the base station device near the launcher using cone transceivers 412 and 404. base station device 302).”
Referring to FIG. 5 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, but not limited, of a backhaul network 500 according to various aspects discussed herein. FIG. 5 shows backhaul system 500 in more detail. 2. A RF modem 502 may include a router 504 or a modem 508. An external network connection 506 can be connected to the existing infrastructure and received by the RF modem 502. The network connection 506 may be either physical (fiber or cable), or wireless (high-bandwidth, microwave connection). Macrocell sites can sometimes be connected to the existing infrastructure via network connection 506 Macrocell sites have high-data rate network connections so RF modem 502 and macrocell sites can share the network connection.”
The modem 508 and router 504 can modulate a millimeter wave band transmission using protocols such as DOCSIS and then output the signal to a launcher 516. The signal can be sent to the launcher 516 by the RF modem 502 via a cable or fiber link. In certain embodiments, the RF modem 502 may be connected to launcher 516 via a quasi-optical coupling. (See FIG. 7).”
“The launcher 516 may include a millimeter wave interface 512, which shifts frequency of the RFmodem 502 output to a millimeterwave band signal. Cone transceiver 514 can transmit the signal as a surface-wave transmission. Cone transceiver 514 generates an electromagnetic field that is specifically designed to propagate along the wire 518 as a guided wave. The surface wave or guided wave will remain parallel to the wire despite the wire’s bends and flexes. Transmission losses can be increased by bends. This is dependent on the wire diameter, frequency and materials.
The inductive power supply (510) can power the millimeter-wave interface 512 or the cone transceiver 514. It receives inductive power from either the medium voltage, high voltage, or both power lines. A battery supply can also be used in other embodiments.
“FIG. “FIG. 6 is a block diagram of an illustration, non-limiting embodiment, of a backhaul network in accordance to various aspects of this invention. System 600 comprises a repeater 602 with cone transceivers 604 & 612, millimeter wave interfaces 606 & 610, an inductive power supply 608 as well as a microcell 614.
The transceiver 604 is capable of receiving a millimeter wave band surface wave transmission along a powerline. The millimeter wave interface 606 converts the signal into an electronic signal in a cable, or a fibre-optic signal. It then forwards the signal to cone transceiver 612 and millimeterwave interface 610 which send the signal along the power line as surface wave transmission. The millimeter wave interfaces 606 or 610 can shift the frequency between the millimeterwave band and cellular bands. Multiplexers and demultiplexers can be added to the millimeter-wave interfaces 606 or 610, which allow multiplexing signals in both frequency and time domains. A modem can be included in the millimeter-wave interfaces 606 or 610 that can demodulate the signal according to DOCSIS. To facilitate communication with a mobile device, the signal can be sent to microcell 614.
The millimeter-wave interfaces 606 or 610 can include a wireless access points. Wireless access points (e.g. 802.11ac) can allow the microcell 614 anywhere within the range of the wireless access points and do not require physical connection to repeater 602.
“FIG. “FIG.7” shows a block diagram showing an example, non-limiting embodiment for a quasi-optical coupler 700 in accordance to various aspects of this invention. High voltage and medium voltage power line work requires the expertise of certified and trained technicians. Ordinary craft technicians can install and maintain circuitry by locating it away from power lines of medium and high voltage. This example embodiment is a quasi optical coupler that allows the base station and surface transmitters to be disconnected from the power lines.
“Millimeter-wave frequencies are small wavelengths compared to the size of the equipment. The millimeter wave transmissions can be moved from one place to the next and diverted using lenses or reflectors. This is similar to visible light. Reflectors 706 and 708 can be positioned and oriented along power line 704 so that transmissions in the millimeter-wave range sent from transmitter 716 are reflected parallel with the powerline, and guided by the powerline as a surface wave. Reflectors 706 or 708 can also reflect surface waves in the millimeter-wave range (60 Ghz or greater for this embodiment), sent along power line 704. These beams are sent as collimated beams to dielectric lens 710, waveguide 718, and monolithic transmitter integrated circuit 716. The signal is then sent to base station 712.
“The transmitter apparatus 716 and base station 712 can receive power from a transformer 714 which may be part the existing power company infrastructure.”
“Turning to FIG. 8 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, but not limited, backhaul system according to various aspects. Backhaul system 800 comprises a base station device 808 which receives a network link via a physical connection or wireless connection to an existing network infrastructure. The network connection can be made via fiber or cable and/or microwave to a macrocell site nearby. A microcell or other small cell deployment can be included in the base station device 808. This will allow for communication with mobile device 820.
Radio repeater 802, which is communicably coupled with base station device 808, transmits a millimeter-band signal to radio repeater 804. Radio repeater 804 can transmit to radio repeater 806, and radio repeaters 804 or 806 can also forward the transmission. Microcells 810, 812 can also share the signal. This allows the network connection to be distributed via line-of-sight millimeter band transmissions through radio repeaters to a mesh network made up of microcells.
Radio repeaters are capable of transmitting broadcasts at frequencies higher than 100 GHz in certain embodiments. The antenna has a lower gain and a wider beamwidth than traditional millimeter-wave radio links. This allows for high availability at short distances (?500 ft), while the repeaters are small and affordable.
“In some embodiments the radio repeaters or microcells may be mounted on existing infrastructure, such as light poles 814-816 and 818.” Other embodiments allow radio repeaters or microcells to be mounted on utility poles that carry power lines or buildings.
“Turning to FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an example of a non-limiting embodiment for a millimeter wave band antenna apparatus 900, in accordance to various aspects. To protect radio antennas 906 the plastic cover 902 can be fitted to the radio repeater 904. Mounting the radio repeater 904 to a utility pole or light pole 908 is possible with a mounting arm 910. The radio repeater 904 can also be powered by a power cord 912 and sends the signal to a nearby microcell via fiber or cable 914.
“In certain embodiments, the radio repeater 904 may include 16 antennas. The antennas can be placed radially and can each have approximately 24 degrees azimuthal beamwidth. The beamwidths of each antenna can overlap slightly. When transmitting or receiving transmissions, the radio repeater 904 can automatically choose the best sector antenna for the connection based on signal measurements like signal strength and signal to noise ratio. The radio repeater 904 is capable of automatically selecting the antennas to be used. In one embodiment, there are no strict requirements regarding mounting structure twist, tilt and sway.
“In some embodiments, a radio repeater 904 may include a microcell inside the apparatus. This allows a self-contained unit, as well as facilitating communication with mobile devices, to act as a repeater on a backhaul network. Other embodiments include a wireless access points (e.g. 802.11ac).”
“Turning Now to FIG. 10 is a block diagram that illustrates an example, non-limiting embodiment for an underground backhaul network in accordance to various aspects of this document. The transmission of guided electromagnetic wave can be carried out by pipes, regardless of whether they are dielectric or metallic. FIGS. 1 and 2 show distributed antenna backhaul networks. Underground conduits 1004 can be used to replicate the distributed antenna backhaul systems shown in FIGS. Underground conduits can carry power cables or other cables 1002, while at transformer box 1006 an R/F/optical modem converts (modulates or demodulates) the backhaul signal from or to the millimeter wave (40 GHz or more in an embodiment). The backhaul signal can be carried to a nearby microcell via a fiber or cable 1010.
A single conduit can carry millimeter-wave signals multiplexed in frequency or time domain fashion to serve many backhaul connections.
“FIG. FIG. 11 shows a process that is connected to the systems mentioned. FIG. 11. The process can be executed by systems 100, 200. 300. 400. 500. 600. 700. 1000. 1, 7, 10, and 10. Although the methods are described and shown as a series blocks, it should be understood that the claimed subject matter does not depend on the order of the blocks. Some blocks could occur in different or concurrent orders to what is described and illustrated herein. You may not need all the illustrated blocks to use the methods described in this article.
“FIG. “FIG. 11” illustrates a flow chart of an example, but not limited, of a method of providing a backhaul link as described herein. A first surface wave transmission over a powerline is received at step 1102. Cone transceivers can receive the surface wave transmission in certain embodiments. Reflectors placed on the power line may reflect the surface waves to a dielectric lens or waveguide, which converts the surface wave into an electrical transmission. The first surface wave transmission can be converted into an electronic transmission at step 1104. The cone transceiver is able to receive electromagnetic waves and convert them into electronic transmissions that can propagate through a circuit.
“At step 1106, the communication signal is extracted form the electronic transmission. An RF modem can extract the communication signal using a protocol like DOCSIS. To extract the communication signal, the RF modem can modulate or demodulate the electronic signals. The communication signal is a signal that is received over the mobile network and can be used to provide network connectivity to a distributed basestation.
“At 1108, the communication signal is sent to a nearby base station device. You can send the communication over fiber or cable or wirelessly via Wi-Fi (802.11ac).
“At 1110 the electronic transmission is transmitted over the powerline as a second surface-wave transmission. The surface wave can be launched by a second cone transceiver, or reflector to the power line. Both the first and second surface wave transmissions are at frequencies of at least 30 Ghz.
“Referring to FIG. “Referring now to FIG. 12, you will see a block diagram showing a computing environment according to various aspects. In some embodiments, the computer may be included in the mobile device data rate throttle system 200, 400 and 500, respectively.
FIG. 12 provides additional context for the various embodiments of these embodiments. FIG. 12 and the discussion that follows are meant to give additional context for various embodiments of these embodiments. Although the embodiments were described in the context of computer executable instructions that can run on one or multiple computers, the skilled in the art will know that the embodiments may be implemented with other modules, and/or as a combination hardware/software.
Program modules are routines, programs and components that execute specific tasks or implement abstract data types. The art is also able to be used with many other types of computer systems. This includes mainframes, single-processor and multiprocessor computers as well as hand-held computers, personal computers, and microprocessor-based consumer electronics. Each can be operatively linked to one or more related devices.
“The terms ‘first,? ?second,? ?third,? The use of the terms “third” and “fourth” in the claims is for clarity and does not indicate or suggest any time order. For instance, ?a first determination,? A second determination is, however. ?a second determination? This does not imply or indicate that the first determination must be made before the second, or vice versa.
“The illustrated embodiments can also be used in distributed computing environments, where remote processing devices are connected through a communication network to perform certain tasks. Program modules can be stored in both local memory storage devices and remote memory storage devices in a distributed computing environment.
Computer-readable media can be used to store data and/or communicate with media. These terms are used in different ways. Computer-readable media can include any storage media that can access by the computer. It can include volatile and nonvolatile media as well as removable and non-removable media. Computer-readable storage media, which can include program modules, computer-readable instructions and structured data, can be used in conjunction with any technology or method for storing information.
Computer-readable media may include read-only memory (RAM), random access memory, ROM, electrically erasable programmeable read-only memory (EEPROM), flash memories or other memory technologies, compact disk read-only memory (CDROM), digital versatile disc (DVD), or other optical disk storage. Magnetic cassettes, magnetic tape or magnetic disk storage are all examples of computer-readable media that can be used for storing desired information. The terms “tangible” and “non-transitory” are used here. The terms?tangible? or?nontransitory? are used to describe these media. Herein, as it applies to storage, memories or computer-readable medium, is to be understood that they exclude only the propagation of transitory signal per se as modifiers and do not give up rights to standard storage, media or computer-readable media that aren’t only propagating transitory messages per se.”
“Computer-readable storage media are accessible by one or more remote computing devices.
“Communications media usually contain computer-readable instructions and data structures, program module or other structured or unstructured information in a data signal such a modulated signal. This includes any information delivery media or transport media. Modified data signals is a term that refers to a signal with a modulated data structure. The term “modulated data signal” refers to signals that have one or more characteristics changed or set in such a way as to encode information into one or more signals. Communication media can include both wired media (e.g., direct-wired connections or wired networks) and wireless media (e.g., RF, infrared, and other wireless media).
“With reference to FIG. “With reference to FIG. 12, the example environment 1200 is for implementing different embodiments of the aspects. It includes a computer 1202, a processor unit 1204, a computer memory 1206 and an interface 1208. The system bus 1208 links system components, including the system memory 1206 and the processing unit 1204. Any of the commercially available processors can be used to make the processing unit 1204. The processing unit 1204 can also include dual microprocessors or other multi-processor architectures.
“The system bus 1208 may be any one of many bus structures that can interconnect to a bus structure (with or without memory controller), a peripheral, and a bus using any of the available bus architectures. The system memory 1206 contains ROM 1210, RAM 1212. The system memory 1206 includes ROM 1210 and RAM 1212. A high-speed RAM, such as static RAM, can be included in RAM 1212. This RAM is used to cache data.
The computer 1202 also includes an internal hard drive (HDD), 1214 (e.g. EIDE, SATA), and can be configured for external usage in a suitable chassis (not illustrated), a magnetic Floppy Disk Drive (FDD), 1216, and an optical drive (1220), (e.g. to read or write from a removable diskette 1218 or to read or write from other high-capacity optical media like the DVD). The system bus 1208 can be connected to the hard disk drive 1214 and magnetic drive 1216, and optical disk drives 1220 by an interface 1224, 1226, and 1228 respectively. Interface 1224 for external drive implementations comprises at least one of the Universal Serial Bus (USB), Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (994) interface technologies. The embodiments herein may also be used to connect external drives.
The drives and associated computer-readable media allow for nonvolatile storage, including data structures and instructions. The storage media and drives are suitable for any digital format. While the above description refers to a hard drive (HDD), removable magnetic diskette (ROMD), and a removable optical diskette such as CD or DVD, those skilled in the art should appreciate that other storage media that are readable by computers, such zip drives, magnetic cassettes flash memory cards, cartridges and the like can be used in this example operating environment. Furthermore, any storage media that can contain computer-executable instructions can be used for the procedures described herein.
There are many program modules that can be stored on the drives and RAM 1212 including an operating system 1230 and one or more applications 1232 and other program modules 1234, and program data 1236. The RAM 1212 can store all or part of the operating system, application modules, data, and/or data. These systems and methods can be implemented using any combination of commercially available operating system or other combinations.
“A user can input commands and information into the computer 1202 via one or more wired/wireless input devices, e.g., keyboard 1238 and a pointer, such as a mouse (1240). Not shown are other input devices, such as a microphone, an infrared remote control, a joystick or gamepad, a stylus pen, touch screen, and a stylus pen. These input devices and others are connected to the processing device 1204 via an input device interface 1242. This interface can be coupled with the system bus 1208, however, other interfaces can also be used, including a parallel port or an IEEE 1394 serial port. A game port, a universal Serial Bus (USB), port, IR interface, and so on.
“A monitor 1244, or any other type of display device, can also be connected to the system bus 1208, via an interface such as a video adapter (1246). A computer usually includes additional peripheral output devices (not illustrated), such as speakers or printers.
The computer 1202 can be used in a networked environment by using logical connections via wired or wireless communications to one or several remote computers such as remote computer(s). 1248 Remote computer(s), 1248 could be a computer workstation, server computer, router, personal computer, or portable computer. They can also include many or all elements that are described relative to computer 1202. However, the illustration only shows a memory/storage device 1250. These logical connections include wired and wireless connectivity to a local network (LAN) 1252 or larger networks, such as a wide-area network (WAN), 1254. These LAN and WAN networking environments can be found in many offices and businesses and allow for enterprise-wide computer networks such as intranets. They also connect to a global communication network (e.g. the Internet).
The computer 1202 can connect to the local network 1252 via a wired or wireless communication network adapter 1256. The adapter 1256 allows wired and wireless communication to the LAN1252. It can also be equipped with a wireless AP for communicating with wireless adapter 1256.
“The computer 1202 can have a modem 1258, can connect to a communications server 1254 or other means of establishing communications over WAN 1254 such as the Internet. The input device interface 1242 allows the modem 1258 to be connected via the system bus 1208, which can be either an internal or external device. Program modules or portions of program modules can be stored in remote memory/storage device 1250 in a networked environment. You will appreciate that the network connections are just an example of the many ways to establish a communication link between computers.
Wi-Fi allows you to connect to the Internet without using wires from any place, including a couch at home or in a hotel room. Wi-Fi, which is similar to a cell phone’s wireless technology, allows such devices (e.g. computers) to send and receive data indoors as well as outdoors; within the reach of a base station. Wi-Fi networks are built using radio technologies known as IEEE 802.11 (a), b, and g, respectively. To provide reliable, secure and fast wireless connectivity. Wi-Fi networks can connect computers to one another, to the Internet and to wired networks (which may use IEEE 802.3, Ethernet). Wi-Fi networks work in unlicensed radio bands 2.4 and 5.GHz at an 11 Mbps (802.11a), 54 Mbps (802.11b), data rate or with products that include both bands (dual-band), so they can offer real-world performance comparable to basic 10 BaseT wired Ethernet network used in many offices.
“FIG. “FIG. 13 shows an example embodiment 1300 for a mobile network platform 1310. This platform can implement and exploit any of the disclosed subjects. Wireless network platform 1310 may include components such as nodes, gateways and interfaces. These components can facilitate packet-switched traffic (e.g. internet protocol (IP), frame-relay, asynchronous transfer modes (ATM), and circuit-switched traffic (e.g. voice and data) as well as control generation for wireless telecommunications. Wireless network platform 1310, which can be included in telecommunications carriers, can be considered carrier-side parts as described elsewhere. Mobile network platform 1310 also includes CS gateway(s), 1312 that can interface CS traffic from legacy networks such as telephony network(s), 1340, or public land mobile network. (PLMN), or a signaling systems #7 (SS7) network 1370. Circuit switched gateway node(s), 1312 can authenticate and authorize traffic (e.g. voice) that arises from such networks. CS gateway node(s), 1312 can also access roaming or mobility data generated by SS7 network 1370. For instance, mobility data stored within a visited location registry (VLR), can be stored in memory 1330. CS gateway nodes (1312 and 1318 interface with CS-based traffic, signaling and PS gateway(s). In a 3GPP UMTS network the CS gateway node(s), 1312 can be implemented at least partially in gateway GPRS support number(s) (GGSN). It is important to understand that the radio technology(ies), used by mobile network platform 1310, provides functionality and dictates operation for CS gateway node(s), 1312, and PS gateway node (s)1318.
“PS gateway node(s), 1318 can not only receive and process CS-switched data and signaling but also authorize and authenticate PS based data sessions with mobile devices. Data sessions include traffic or content that is exchanged with networks outside of the wireless network platform 1310. These include wide area network (WANs), enterprise network (s)1370 and service network (s)1380. Local area network (LANs) can also be used to encapsulate PS-based data sessions. The mobile network platform can also be interfaced through PS gateway(s). 1318. Note that enterprise networks (WANs) 1350 and 1360 can contain, at minimum in part, service network(s), such as IP multimedia subsystems (IMS). Based on radio technology layer(s), packet-switched Gateway nodes (1318) can create packet data protocol contexts once a data session has been established. Other data structures that allow packetized data routing can also be generated. In one aspect, the PS gateway node(s), 1318 can include a tunnel gateway (TTG in 3GPP UMTS network (not shown),) that can facilitate packetized communication between disparate wireless networks, such as Wi-Fi networks.
“In embodiment 1310, wireless network platform 1310 also contains serving node(s), 1316 that, based on available radio technology layer(s), 1317, transmit the various packetized streams of data streams received via PS gateway node (s)1318. Note that server nodes can deliver traffic to technology resource(s), 1317 that rely primarily upon CS communication. For example, servernode(s), can be at least partially a mobile switching centre. In a 3GPP UMTS network serving node(s), 1316 can be embodied as serving GPRS support number(s).
Server(s) 1314 can run many applications to generate packetized data streams and flows for radio technologies that exploit packetized communications. . . ) These flows. These applications can add on features to standard services, such as billing, provisioning and customer support. . . ) Provided by wireless network platform 1310. Data streams (e.g., content(s) that are part of a voice call or data session) can be conveyed to PS gateway node(s) 1318 for authorization/authentication and initiation of a data session, and to serving node(s) 1316 for communication thereafter. Server(s) 1314 may also include utility server(s). A utility server can contain a provisioning, operations and maintenance server, security server, and a certificate authority. A security server(s), in accordance with an aspect, secure communication via wireless network platform 1310 to ensure network operation and data integrity. They also provide authorization and authentication procedures that CS gateway(s), 1312 and PS gateway(s), 1318 can enact. Provisioning server(s), on the other hand, can provide services via external networks such as those operated by different service providers, such as WAN 1350 and Global Positioning System network(s). (Not shown). Provisioning server(s), can also provide coverage via networks associated with wireless network platform 1310 (e.g. deployed and operated jointly by the same provider), such as femtocell networks (not shown) which enhance indoor confined space coverage and offload RAN resources to improve subscriber experience in a home or work environment through UE 1375.
“It should be noted that server(s), 1314 can contain one or more processors designed to confer at most in part the functionality on macro network platform 1310. The one or more processors can execute code instructions stored within memory 1330 to accomplish this. Server(s) 1314 may also include a content manager 1315. This works in much the same way as described hereinbefore.
“In the example embodiment 1300 memory 1330 can hold information about operation of wireless platform 1310. Other operational information includes provisioning information for mobile devices that are served by wireless platform network 1310; subscriber databases; pricing schemes; application intelligence; pricing schemes; e.g. promotional rates, flat rate programs, couponing campaigns; technical specifications(s) compatible with telecommunication protocols to operate disparate radio or wireless technology layers; and so on. Also, memory 1330 can store information from at most one of the following telephony networks: WAN 1350; enterprise network(s), 1360 or SS7 network1370. Memory 1330 can, in one aspect, be accessed as a component of a data storage component or as a remote memory store.
FIG. 13 provides a context to the different aspects of the disclosed subject material. 13 and the discussion that follows are meant to give a general overview of the environment in which various aspects of the disclosed matter can be implemented. Although the subject matter was described in the context of computer-executable instructions in a computer program that runs on computers and/or other computers, those who are skilled in the art will know that it can also be used in conjunction with other modules. Program modules generally include routines, programs and components. Modules that are used to perform specific tasks or implement certain abstract data types.
“Turning to FIG. 14A is a block diagram that illustrates an example of a non-limiting embodiment for a communication system 1400 according to various aspects of this disclosure. A macro base station 1402 can be included in the communication system 1400. This is a base station, or access point with antennas that covers one to six sectors. A macro base station 1402 may be communicatively connected to a communication 1404A, which acts as a master node or distribution node for communication nodes 1404B and 1404E located at different geographic locations within or outside the coverage area of the macro station 1402. The communication nodes 1404 are a distributed antenna system that handles communications traffic from client devices, such as cell phones and fixed/stationary devices, which can be wirelessly connected to any of the 1404 communication nodes. The wireless resources of the macro-base station 1402 can be made accessible to mobile devices. This is done by allowing or redirecting certain mobile and/or fixed devices to use the wireless resources at a communication node 1404 within their communication range.
“The communication nodes 1404A and 1404E can be communicatively connected to one another over an interface 1410. The interface 1410 may be wired or tethered (e.g. fiber optic cable) in one embodiment. Other embodiments of the interface 1410 include a wireless radio frequency interface that forms a radio distributed antenna system. Depending on the instructions given by the macro base station 1402, the communication nodes 1804A?E can be configured to provide communication services for mobile and stationary devices. Other examples of operation, however, show that the communication nodes 1804A-E can be used as analog repeaters to extend the coverage of the micro base station 1402 over the entire range of individual communication nodes 1404A?E.
“The communication nodes 1404 are micro base stations that can be used to communicate with the macro base station. They have many differences. The communication range of micro base stations may be shorter than that of the macro base station. The power consumption of the micro base stations may be lower than that of the macro base station. Optionally, the macro base station directs micro base stations to determine which mobile and/or fixed devices they should communicate with and what carrier frequency, spectral segment, and/or timeslot schedule to use such spectral segments when communicating with specific mobile or stationary devices. The macro base station can control the micro base stations in master-slave or other control configurations. The resources available to the micro base stations, whether they are operating on their own or under the supervision of the macro-base station 1402, can be more efficient and cost-effective than those of the macro station 1402.
“Turning Now to FIG. 14B is a block diagram showing an example of the communication nodes 1404B?E in the communication system 1400. 14A is shown. The communication nodes 1404B and 1404E are shown on an illustration. Other embodiments allow some of the communication nodes 1404B-E to be placed on a building, pole or utility post that is used to distribute power or communication lines. These illustrations show how the communication nodes 1404B and 1404E can be set up to communicate over the interface 1410. In this illustration, it is a wireless interface. You can configure the communication nodes 1404B to communicate with stationary or mobile devices 1406A through a wireless interface 1411. This wireless interface conforms to one or several communication protocols, such as fourth generation (4G), wireless signals like LTE signals or other 4G signal, fifth generation (5G), wireless signals, WiMAX signals, 802.11 signals, ultra wideband signals, and so forth. The communication nodes 1404 can be set up to transmit signals over the interface 1410 at a frequency higher than that used for communicating with mobile or stationary devices (e.g. 28 GHz and 38 GHz respectively, 60 GHz and 80 GHz respectively). Communication between the communication nodes 1404 can be done at a higher carrier frequency and with a wider bandwidth. This allows the communication nodes 1404 to communicate with multiple mobile or stationary devices using one or more different frequency bands (e.g. a 900 MHz band, 1.9 GHz band, a 2.4 GHz band, and/or a 5.8 GHz band, etc.) You may also use one or more different protocols as illustrated in the spectral uplink and downlink diagrams of FIG. 15A, as described below. Other embodiments include those where the interface 1410 uses a guided wave communication system on a wire. In the range of 2-6 GHz to 4-10 GHz (e.g. ”
“Turning Now to FIGS. 14C-14D are block diagrams that illustrate non-limiting embodiments for a communication node 1404 in the communication system 1400. 14A is shown. The communication node 1404 can be attached to the support structure 1418 of a utility fixture, such as a utility pole or post as shown in FIG. 14C. 14C. A plastic housing assembly 1416 can be added to the communication node 1404, which covers parts of the node 1404. A power line 1421 can be used to power the communication node 1404, such as 110/220 VAC. The power line 1421 can come from a light pole, or it can be connected to a utility pole’s power line.
“In an embodiment in which the communication nodes 1404 communicate wirelessly with each other 1404 as shown at FIG. 14B shows a top 1412 of the communication device 1404. (also illustrated in FIG. 14D can include a plurality or parts of an antenna 1422 (e.g. 16 dielectric antennas without metal surfaces) that are coupled to one or several transceivers, such as the 1400 transceiver illustrated in FIG. 14. Each of the plurality antennas 1422 on the top side 1412 may be used as a sector in the communication node 1404, each one capable of communicating with at most one communication node 1404 within the sector’s communication range. Alternately, or in combination with other communication nodes 1404, the interface 1410 can be a tethered (e.g. a fiber optic cable or a powerline used for transporting guided electromagnetic waves, as described previously). The interface 1410 may differ between the communication nodes 1404. This means that some communication nodes 1404 can communicate via a wireless interface while others may use a tethered connection. Other embodiments allow communications nodes 1404 to use a combination wireless and tethered connection.
“A bottom side 1414 can contain a plurality antennas 1424 to wirelessly communicate with one or more mobile/stationary devices 1406 at a frequency suitable for mobile or stationary 1406. The communication node 1404 uses a different carrier frequency to communicate with mobile or station devices via the wireless interface 1411 as shown in FIG. 14B may be different than the carrier frequency used to communicate between the communication nodes 1404 over the interface 1410. A plurality of antennas 1424 in the bottom 1414 of the communication Node 1404 may also use a transceiver, such as the 1400 in FIG. 14.”
“Turning to FIG. 15A is a block diagram showing an example of non-limiting downlink and toplink communication techniques that enable a base station communication with the communication nodes 1404 in FIG. 14A is shown. FIG. FIG. 15A illustrates that downlink signals, i.e. signals from the macro base station 1402 to the communication nos 1404, can be spectrally broken down into control channels 1502 and downlink spectral sections 1506 which each include modulated signals that can be frequency converted back to their native frequency band to enable the communication nodes 1404 communicate with mobile or stationary devices 1506. Pilot signals 1504 can also be supplied with any or all of 1506 to reduce distortion between the communication nos 1504. To remove phase distortion and distortion from receive signals (e.g., phase distortion) the pilot signals 1504 can also be processed by top side 1416 (wireless or tethered) transceivers of downstream communications nodes 1404. Each downlink segment 1506 can have a bandwidth 1505 that is sufficient (e.g. 50 MHz) for it to contain a pilot signal 1504 as well as one or more downlink modulated messages located in frequency channels (or frequencies slots) within the spectral section 1506. These modulated signals may be used to communicate with mobile devices or WLAN channels (e.g. 10-20 MHz).
“Uplink modulated signal generated by mobile/stationary communication device in their native/original frequencies can be frequency converted and located in frequency channels or frequency slots in the uplink segment 1510. Uplink modulated signals may be cellular channels, WLAN channels, or other modulated communications signals. The uplink spectral segments 1510 can have a similar bandwidth 1505 or a different one 1508. A pilot signal 1508 can also be included with any spectral segment 15010 to allow upstream communication nodes 1404 or the macro base station 1402 remove distortion (e.g. phase error).
“In the illustrated embodiment, the downlink and the uplink spectral segments 1506 & 1510 contain a plurality frequency channels (or frequency slot), that can be occupied by modulated signals frequency converted from any number native/original frequency band (e.g. a 900 MHz band, 1.9 GHz band, a 2.4 GHz band, and/or a 5.8 GHz band, etc.). The modulated signals can then be converted to adjacent frequency channels within the downlink and/or uplink spectral segments 1506, and 1510. This allows for some frequency channels to include modulated signals in adjacent frequencies in downlink and uplink spectral segments 1506 and 1510. However, adjacent frequency channels within the downlink segment 1506 may also contain modulated signals that were originally in different frequency bands. Other adjacent frequency channel can be found in the downlink segment 1506. These modulated signals can also be frequency converted to be in adjacent frequency channels of downlink segment 1506. A first modulated signal can be placed in adjacent frequency channels in a downlink segment 1506. For example, it is possible to convert a second modulated signal from a frequency band of 1.9GHz and place them in the same frequency channel. Another example is that a first modulated signal within a 1.9GHz band and a second signal in another frequency band (i.e. 2.4GHz) can be frequency converted, and thus positioned in adjacent frequency channel of a downlink segment 1506. Frequency channels in a downlink segment 1506 are open to any combination of modulated signals from the same signaling protocol and native/original frequencies.
“Similarly, although some frequency channels within an uplink spectrum segment 1510 may contain modulated signals that were originally in the same frequency band, other frequency channels within the uplink sector 1510 may also include modulated signal originally in different native/original frequencies, but converted to be placed in adjacent frequency channel of an uplink segment 15.10. A first communication signal can be placed in a 2.4 GHz frequency band with a second signal in a different frequency band. Another example is that a first communication signals in a 1.9 GHz frequency band and a second signal in a frequency band (i.e. 2.4 GHz) can both be frequency converted and thereby placed in adjacent frequency channels in the uplink spectral section 1506. Frequency channels in an uplink segment 1510 can therefore be used with any combination modulated signals from the same or different signaling protocols, and within the same or different native/original frequency band. A downlink spectral section 1506 and uplink spectral segments 1510 can be separated only by a guard band, or by a greater frequency spacing depending on the spectral assignment.
“Turning to FIG. 15B is a block diagram 1520 that illustrates an example non-limiting embodiment for a communication node. The communication node device, such as communication node 1404A, is a radio distributed antenna network that includes a base station interface 1522 and duplexer/diplexer assemblies 1524. It also includes two transceivers 1530, 1532. The communication node 1404A can be placed in conjunction with a base station (e.g. a macro basestation 1402), and duplexer/diplexer assemblies 1524 and 1530 can be omitted. The transceiver can then be connected directly to the base station interface 1522.
“In different embodiments, the base station interface 1522 receives a modulated signal with one or more downlink channels in a first spectrum segment for transmission to a client device like a mobile communication device. The first segment is a frequency band that corresponds to the original/native modulated signal. One or more downlink communication channels can be included in the first modulated signal. These communication channels must conform to a signaling protocol. This protocol could include a LTE, 4G, 5G, wireless communication protocol, ultra-wideband protocol, WiMAX protocol, or any other wireless local network protocol. The duplexer/diplexer 1524 transmits the first modulated signal within the first segment to the transceiver 1503, for direct communication with one of several mobile communication devices that are within range of the communication Node 1404A. The transceiver 1530 can be implemented using analog circuitry. It merely provides filtration to pass the spectrums of the downlink and uplink channels of modulated signal in their native frequency bands, while attenuating out of-band signals, power amplifier, transmit/receive shifting, duplexing and diplexing.
“In other embodiments the transceiver 1532 can perform frequency conversion from the first modulated signals in the first segment to the first signal at a carrier frequency. This is based on various embodiments of an analog signal processing of first modulated signals without altering the signaling protocol. One or more frequency channels can be used by the first modulated signal at the carrier frequency to make up a downlink segment 1506. The first carrier frequency may be within a millimeterwave or microwave frequency range. Analog signal processing is defined as filtering, switching and diplexing. It also includes frequency up or down conversion and any other analog processing that doesn’t require digital signal processing. This includes, without limitation, analog to digital, digital to analog, and digital frequency conversion. The transceiver 1532 may be used to convert the frequency of the first modulated signals in the first segment to the first carrier frequency. This is done by applying digital signal processing without any analog signal processing, and without altering the signaling protocol for the first modulated sign. Another embodiment of frequency conversion is possible with the transceiver 15.32. This can be done by applying digital signal processing and analog processing to first modulated signals in the first segment and without changing the signaling protocol.
The transceiver 1532 may also be configured to transmit one, more or all of the corresponding control channels, one, or more reference signals (e.g. pilot signals or other reference signal) and/or one, more clock signals along with the first modulated signals at the first carrier frequencies to a network element. This allows wireless distribution of the modulated signal to mobile communication devices after frequency conversion by the network element to first spectral segments. The reference signal allows the network element (and/or any other forms of signal distortion), to reduce phase errors during the processing of the first modulated signals from the first carrier frequency into the first spectral section. Instructions can be included in the control channel to instruct the distributed antenna system’s communication node to convert the first modulated signals at the first carrier frequency into the first modulated signals in the first segment. This is used to control frequency selections, reuse patterns, handoff, and/or any other control signaling. The transceiver channel can contain a digital signal processing element that converts analog to digital, digital to analog, and processes digital data transmitted or received via the control channels in embodiments that use digital signals. To synchronize the timing of the digital control channel processing by downstream communication nodes 1404B?E, the clock signals provided with the downlink spectrum segment 1506 can also be used to retrieve instructions from the control channels and/or provide other timing signals.
“In different embodiments, the transceiver can receive a second modulated signals at a second carrier frequencies from a network element like a 1404B-E. One or more uplink frequency channels can be occupied by a second modulated signal. This signal can conform to a signaling protocol like a LTE, other 4G wireless protocols, a 5G wireless communications protocol, or an ultra-wideband protocol. The mobile or stationary communication device generates a second modulated signals in a second segment, such as an original/native band. The network element frequency converts this second modulated frequency signal to the second carrier frequency and transmits it at the second carrier frequencies as received by the communications node 1404A. The transceiver 1532 converts the second modulated signals at the second carrier frequency into the second modulated signals in the second segment. It then transmits the second segment’s modulated signal via the duplexer/diplexer assembly and base station interface 1522 to a base station such as macro base stations 1402, for processing.
Consider the following scenarios where the communication node 1404A has been implemented in a distributed antenna network. Signals can be modulated and formatted to use uplink frequency channel 1510 in an uplink spectral section 1506 or downlink frequency channel 1506 in a downlink spectral segments 1506. These signals can be modulated in accordance with a DOCSIS 2.0 standard protocol, a WiMAX protocol, an ultra wideband protocol, a 802.11 protocol, a 4G/5G voice and data protocol like an LTE protocol or other standard communication protocols. Any of the protocols listed above can be modified to work with FIG. 14A. A protocol 802.11 or another protocol can be modified to add additional guidelines and/or a different data channel to provide collision detection/multiple accessibility over a larger area (e.g. Allows network elements or communication devices to communicate with each other via one frequency channel of a downlink spectrum segment 1506 or 1510. All of the uplink frequency channels in the uplink segment 1510 or downlink frequency channel in the downlink segment 1506 can be formatted according to the same communication protocol. You can also use two or more different protocols on the uplink segment 1510 and downlink segment 1506 to be compatible with different client devices, and/or operate in different frequency band.
“When two or more different protocols are used, a subset downlink frequency channel of the downlink segment 1506 can can be modulated according to a first protocol. A second subset downlink frequency channel of the Downlink spectral Segment 1506 can be modulated according to a second protocol that differs slightly from the first protocol. The system for demodulation can also receive a subset (or subset) of the downlink frequency channels from the uplink segment 1510. A second standard protocol can be used to demodulate a second subset (or subset) of the uplink frequencies channels.
These examples show that the base station interface 1522 can receive modulated signals, such as one or several downlink channels, in their native frequency bands from a macro base station 1402 (or other communications network element). The base station interface 1522 may also be used to transmit modulated signals from another network element. These signals can then be frequency converted into modulated signals with one or more uplink channels. Base station interface 1522 is possible via wired or wireless interface. It bidirectionally transmits communication signals, such as uplink or downlink channels in their native frequency bands, communication control signal and other network signaling to a macro base station. The duplexer/diplexer assembly 1504 is designed to transmit the downlink channel frequencies in their native frequency bands to the transceiver (1532). This frequency converts the frequency frequency of downlink channels into the frequency spectrum for interface 1410. In this case, a wireless communication link is used to transport communication signals downstream to one of the communication nodes 1404B or E of the distributed antenna system within range of the communication device 1404A.
“In different embodiments, the transceiver1532 includes an analog radio that frequencies converts downlink channel signals into their original/native frequency band via mixing or any other heterodyne action. This frequency conversion generates frequency converted downlink channels signals that occupy the downlink frequency channels in the downlink spectrum segment 1506. The downlink spectral section 1506 is shown in this illustration. It falls within the downlink frequency range of the interface 1410. An embodiment of downlink channel signals is up-converted from the original/native frequency band to a 28GHz, 38GHz, 60GHz, 70GHz, or 80GHz band of downlink spectral section 1506. This allows for line-of sight wireless communications to one or several other communication nodes 1404B?E. However, other frequencies can also be used for the downlink spectral segments 1506 (e.g. 3 GHz to 5GHz). The transceiver 1532, for example, can be used to down-convert one or more of the downlink channel signals in the original/native spectrum bands when the frequency band of interface 1410 falls below that of the one/more downlink channel signals.
“The transceiver 1532 may be connected to multiple antennas, such antennas 1422 shown in conjunction with FIG. 14D is used to communicate with the communication nodes 1404B. It can be a phased antenna array, steerable beam, or multi-beam antenna system that allows for multiple devices to communicate with each other at different locations. A duplexer/diplexer unit 1524 may include a triplexer or splitter, router, switch, router, and/or any other assembly that acts as a “channel duplexer?” To provide bidirectional communication over multiple communication paths using one or more original/native spectrum segments of the uplink or downlink channels.
Click here to view the patent on Google Patents.How to Search for Patents
A patent search is the first step to getting your patent. You can do a google patent search or do a USPTO search. Patent-pending is the term for the product that has been covered by the patent application. You can search the public pair to find the patent application. After the patent office approves your application, you will be able to do a patent number look to locate the patent issued. Your product is now patentable. You can also use the USPTO search engine. See below for details. You can get help from a patent lawyer. Patents in the United States are granted by the US trademark and patent office or the United States Patent and Trademark office. This office also reviews trademark applications.
Are you interested in similar patents? These are the steps to follow:
1. Brainstorm terms to describe your invention, based on its purpose, composition, or use.
Write down a brief, but precise description of the invention. Don’t use generic terms such as “device”, “process,” or “system”. Consider synonyms for the terms you chose initially. Next, take note of important technical terms as well as keywords.
Use the questions below to help you identify keywords or concepts.
- What is the purpose of the invention Is it a utilitarian device or an ornamental design?
- Is invention a way to create something or perform a function? Is it a product?
- What is the composition and function of the invention? What is the physical composition of the invention?
- What’s the purpose of the invention
- What are the technical terms and keywords used to describe an invention’s nature? A technical dictionary can help you locate the right terms.
2. These terms will allow you to search for relevant Cooperative Patent Classifications at Classification Search Tool. If you are unable to find the right classification for your invention, scan through the classification’s class Schemas (class schedules) and try again. If you don’t get any results from the Classification Text Search, you might consider substituting your words to describe your invention with synonyms.
3. Check the CPC Classification Definition for confirmation of the CPC classification you found. If the selected classification title has a blue box with a “D” at its left, the hyperlink will take you to a CPC classification description. CPC classification definitions will help you determine the applicable classification’s scope so that you can choose the most relevant. These definitions may also include search tips or other suggestions that could be helpful for further research.
4. The Patents Full-Text Database and the Image Database allow you to retrieve patent documents that include the CPC classification. By focusing on the abstracts and representative drawings, you can narrow down your search for the most relevant patent publications.
5. This selection of patent publications is the best to look at for any similarities to your invention. Pay attention to the claims and specification. Refer to the applicant and patent examiner for additional patents.
6. You can retrieve published patent applications that match the CPC classification you chose in Step 3. You can also use the same search strategy that you used in Step 4 to narrow your search results to only the most relevant patent applications by reviewing the abstracts and representative drawings for each page. Next, examine all published patent applications carefully, paying special attention to the claims, and other drawings.
7. You can search for additional US patent publications by keyword searching in AppFT or PatFT databases, as well as classification searching of patents not from the United States per below. Also, you can use web search engines to search non-patent literature disclosures about inventions. Here are some examples:
- Add keywords to your search. Keyword searches may turn up documents that are not well-categorized or have missed classifications during Step 2. For example, US patent examiners often supplement their classification searches with keyword searches. Think about the use of technical engineering terminology rather than everyday words.
- Search for foreign patents using the CPC classification. Then, re-run the search using international patent office search engines such as Espacenet, the European Patent Office’s worldwide patent publication database of over 130 million patent publications. Other national databases include:
- European Patent Office (EPO) provides esp@cenet to access a network of Europe’s patent databases with access to machine translation of European patents.
- Japan Patent Office (JPO) – with access to machine translations of Japanese patents.
- World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) offers PATENTSCOPE with a full-text search of published international patent applications and machine translations for some documents, as well as a list of international patent databases.
- Korean Intellectual Property Rights Information Service (KIPRIS)
- State Intellectual Property Office (SIPO) with machine translation of Chinese patents.
- Other International Intellectual Property Offices with online patent databases include Australia, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Great Britain, India, Israel, Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and Taiwan.
- Search non-patent literature. Inventions can be made public in many non-patent publications. It is recommended that you search journals, books, websites, technical catalogs, conference proceedings, and other print and electronic publications.
To review your search, you can hire a registered patent attorney to assist. A preliminary search will help one better prepare to talk about their invention and other related inventions with a professional patent attorney. In addition, the attorney will not spend too much time or money on patenting basics.
Download patent guide file – Click here