UT-BATTELLE, LLC (Oak Ridge, TN)

Conductors to be used in heating systems are provided. The conductors are designed to provide a longer route for the current as well as greater resistance, as measured by the current. Induction systems may also be used to heat systems. The conductor, for instance, could be a conductive substance having a surface which faces an induction coil within an oscillating circuit. This surface may have an established pattern of the peaks and valleys. The valleys and peaks make up an unlinear path for the induced current when exposed to the electromagnetic field created by an oscillating circuit. Other conductors, such as a heat pipe may be utilized. The walls of the pipe could have different thicknesses along its length. The varying thicknesses may comprise a primary thickness and a second thickness that alternate. The heat pipe could be used for direct or induction contact heating system in which AC is applied directly to the pipe.

Conductors can be heated using induction or directly connected with AC or alternating current (AC).

Induction heating works by the induction of an eddy current(s) within an conductive material using an AC electromagnetic field produced by an oscillating circuit. Joules are the cause of the Eddy currents. The AC electromagnetic field’s penetration into the material causes eddy currents be created. The strongest current occurs at the nearest inducing coil and decreases when the material is penetrated.

Alternately, AC may be applied to a material that is conductive with clamps attached to the material that is conductive. For example, clamps may be attached to the ends of the conductive material. The clamps may be connected with high frequency/high current cables. These cables provide ground to the system. Another clamp may be linked to a middle point between the clamps. A second High Frequency/High-current cable may be connected to the clamp. The current flows because of VAC and ground applied to the cables.

The skin’s thickness can have an impact on the density of current in conductors. The depth of the skin can affect the conductor-induced current (induction) as well as the current that is induced (induction). The depth of the skin is a function ofresistivity permeability, permeability and permittivity as well as the frequency of the AC electromagnetic field or the applied AC.

Induction heating is based on the resistance of the material and the Eddy currents. AC heating is dependent on the current directly connected (AC) and the material’s resistance that is seen by the current. The resistance of the material as perceived by the current is determined by the material’s resistivity. The material type determines the resistance of the material. The material’s resistance is measured using current, is determined by the dimensions and resistance (especially the dimensions of the current path). With an increase in resistivity the skin’s thickness and power will rise. Conductors heated with high-frequency currents could produce a result. This is due to the same currents that pass through conductors also traverse other components. For instance, the inducing loop (induction heating), connecting cables (ACdirect application) and various electronic components (including power electronics). This current can result in unwanted heating of connecting cables (AC Direct Application) and other components (and the inducing coil) as well as the strain on electronic components.

The disclosed conductor to be heated is more resistant when viewed through a current.

In one aspect of the disclosure, the conductor is configured to be exposed to an oscillating circuit having an induction coil. The oscillating circuit is designed to create an electromagnetic field that has an oscillating frequency. The conductor is a conductive material with a surface that has a predetermined pattern of valleys and peaks. When exposed to the oscillating circuit is in contact with the induction coil. The peaks and valleys make an unlinear path for the induced current, when exposed to the electromagnetic field created by the oscillating circuit.

One of the aspects of the disclosure reveals that the valleys or peaks are placed in a cyclic manner across the conductor’s surfaces. A disclosure aspect also states that a peak’s length and the valley’s length are equal with respect to the direction of flow of the induced current. The configurations and positioning allow for an increase of resistance along a length of conductor’s surface.

In an aspect of the disclosure the length of a peak in the direction of the flow of current is determined by an oscillating frequency of the oscillating circuit. For instance, the length of the peak might be twice the skin depth which is a function of theoscillating frequency.

An aspect of the disclosure is that a distinction between a peak’s or valley’s elevation is determined by the oscillating frequency of an oscillating circuit.

In an aspect of the invention the conductive material includes gaps that are adjacent to and aligned with each peak, and vice versa. The gaps are designed to direct the induced current through the adjacent peaks.

One of the aspects of the disclosure is that the layout of peaks and valleys depends on the kind of induction coil, the shape of the surface, and the direction of current flow.

One of the aspects of the disclosure states that in the event that the surface is circular the peaks and valleys may be laid out in a circular fashion that extends from the center of the surface. Variable valleys and peaks are also possible.

One part of the disclosure could be that the conductor could be a graphite-foam.

In one aspect of the disclosure the conductor is utilized to cook. It could, for example an oven, a pan, or a coffee maker. The base of the cooking device must have a predetermined pattern of peaks and valleys. The valleys and peaks alternate.

A conductive pipe also shown. The conductive pipe comprises an outer wall. A thickness of the wall can differ across the length of conductive pipes from one end to the other. The wall is at minimum one thickness, and a secondthickness different from the initial thickness. The first and second thickness alternate across the wall from the beginning end to the second. The wall, having the first and second one, creates an unlinear current path when it is exposed to an electromagnetic field created by an oscillating circuit, or alternating current directly connected.

In an aspect of the disclosed the wall is comprised of an internal surface as well as an external surface. The external surface is curved to create the first thickness and the second thickness.

One of the aspects of the disclosure states that the distance between two thicknesses adjacent to each other is equal. This allows for an even increase in resistance across the length of the conductor pipes.

One aspect of this disclosure is that the length of first thickness is determined by the frequency of an AC or oscillating frequency.

One part of the disclosure states that a difference in thickness between the first and second thicknesses is determined by an oscillating frequency , or frequency of AC.

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