Consumer Products – Lai King Tee, Individual

Abstract for “System and Method for Mobile Platform Designed for Digital Health Management and Remote Patient Monitoring”

A mobile app is used to monitor and manage patients or users with different health or disease conditions. A software system allows for sharing of patient data, including medical history and recent measurements. The platform allows data sharing in a private, secure networking environment. It also integrates essential functions that allow caregivers to communicate in real time with one another to care for the patient.

Background for “System and Method for Mobile Platform Designed for Digital Health Management and Remote Patient Monitoring”

“Mobile phone users might have a basic feature telephone for voice calls and text messaging. For some, smartphone technology can be expensive and very complex. Patients with severe conditions or elderly people with limited education may find smartphone technology difficult to use. Through the creation of connections between patients and caregivers, the software system can help to eliminate these constraints. It will allow for collaboration between multiple caregivers to care for a patient, whether they are from the same or different groups. This includes but is not limited: Family members, friends, relatives, neighbors, friends, personal nurses, house helpers, nursing homes, professional care teams (i.e. Providers, nurses, doctors, and specialists.

“In order to help patients who are unable or unable to access the mHealth App (App) on their smartphone, caregivers such as a.e. Some of the people in the above groups may be?connected? They would be able use the App to monitor? You can also?manage? your health. Their?diseases? your?health status, and taking appropriate actions depending on the circumstances?

Patients who have the mHealth App installed on their smartphones can communicate with other patients via the App to exchange information, such as voice, video, or text. Chat (voice, video, or text) with their caregivers about their condition and get their attention.

The platform allows you to create personal health records (medical records) with configurable options that can be shared and maintained by certain individuals connected to the patient/user. The phone’s patient health record can be updated manually, or automatically using physiological or biosensors worn or environmental sensors. These updates can be visible to caregivers connected to the patient via the app.

A family/group-centric, mobile health platform that is family/group-centric could be developed to allow mobile users to manage and monitor the health of their loved ones. Family members can use this platform to store and organize their health data. This allows them to monitor their health, share caregiving responsibilities and manage elderly, sick, or baby family members. The platform gives caregivers the ability to connect to patients and provide them with updates on their health. These can be done manually or automatically using interfaces with vital sign sensors. Remotely configured alert levels can be set for different caregiver groups and threshold conditions. It can be used for home healthcare, assisted living or nursing home care. It can also monitor various types of diseases and states of health. It is an integrated platform that provides efficient, continuous connections between patients and caregivers, as well as the monitoring of their health conditions. To maintain optimal conditions for patients, the environment factors are automatically monitored and adjusted. With support from caregivers and other members of the group, the platform provides guidance to group members about the best actions and options for improving their health. This platform allows for personalized advice and reminders from close friends or family.

“The system architecture of the software platform was designed to allow for:?distributed and hierarchical patient monitoring?. Depending on the severity and needs of the patients, one or more of the following scenarios may apply to care-giving:

“A mobile health platform allows members to connect and monitor their health condition by one another, based upon pre-configured options. This design allows family members, distant relatives and friends, as well as neighbors, friends, and/or other caregivers, to join the group.

“The platform supports users using a desktop computer, smart mobile device or feature phone. It also includes features that are adapted to the capabilities of their devices.”

The software platform allows a patient to monitor their health from any location where connectivity and communication are available. All members of the group can access their medical history including test results, doctor’s visits, medications, allergies, and recent vital sign measurements. This information can also be updated by anyone who has been authorized by the patient. FIG. FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 displays the patient information. A group of members would also be able communicate with one another, e.g. With updates on patients’ health and coordination of any subsequent actions. FIG. FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of the process for how caregiver and patient groups interact with one another. These updates can be sent automatically, e.g. Wireless connectivity or via physiological sensor or biosensor. Or, the updates can be entered manually based on patient self-reports or manual vital sign measurements.

“The distributed health monitoring system would allow caregivers to take simpler and earlier interventions, which will reduce the need for professional medical assistance. This would increase the quality of patient’s lives and lower the cost to all parties. Patients who are cared for by family, friends, or neighbors would get a quicker response from their dedicated caregivers. They would be the ‘first responders’. This is a great solution.

“The provider will trigger the escalation of the alerts to the professional team including the caregivers when the patient’s condition is worse than the first trigger or if the interventions by the first responders fail to improve the patient’s condition. To determine triggers at different levels, there will be different thresholds.

“The protocol architecture and system are selected with considerations for the privacy and security personal health data, e.g. HIPAA compliance. The data would be encrypted in the individual devices that have been authorized by the Master user. The Master user has the option to have data stored on a personal computer, hard drive, or cloud service. This would allow patients and users to take full control over their data collected from their devices. A caregiver can be designated as the Master user and the patient may give proxy rights to the Master user. Personal health records can be linked to electronic medical records, which are typically maintained by medical service providers. They are updated after patient visits. The personal health record, on the other hand, would track a patient’s current health status at any time. This can be done in the US through the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources interface. The patient’s medical information (e.g. The FHIR API calls can retrieve patient’s medical information, including vital signs, prescriptions for medication, lab results and radiology results. You can combine both records to assess and compare patient conditions.

“Medical Knowledge”

“The solution would allow patients, their families and/or personal caregivers to have access to pre-screened information about different diseases, symptoms, and treatment options. Patients and their families would be able to make better medical decisions based on the information they have gathered from the patient.

“Use Cases”

“The solution supports many scenarios for different types of caregivers and user/patient situations. The following subsections provide some examples. The first section compares caregiver types, followed by subsection that describes different users/patients with various diseases and conditions.

“Support for Different Types of Caregivers.”

“Family”

“Members of a family can be connected via the mHealth system so that they can access and share information such as their medical conditions and records through the platform described in this document. FIG. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the User Interface that shows the caregiving scenario between family members. This ‘care’ is a virtual caregiving relationship between family members. Members can be connected online in this?care? group. Family members can remotely monitor the condition of a sick member of their family. No matter what communication technology is available to the patient (e.g. A person with a basic phone can manage their health information including doctor’s appointments and medication using their smart device. Alerts can be set up periodically or triggered by specific events.

“Nursing Home”

“In the case of an elderly patient in a nursing home, staff may use a tablet, smartphone, tablet, or desktop computer to monitor multiple elderly patients simultaneously. FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the User Interface for nursing home caregiving. In a matter of minutes, the nursing home staff should have the ability to examine an elderly patient. Software integrates with the App to allow the addition of vital sign measurements data to the patient’s medical records on mobile devices.

“The app would connect to family members of clients in a nursing home/care center facility so that they could have access to their client’s record. Case managers, e.g. The case managers, e.g., from the regional centre, can also be connected to the manager at the care center facility. They have access to their clients’ records but not to others, as shown in FIG. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. 2 below. The app will not only provide access to electronic medical records but also other official documents such as tax returns. Power of attorney, advanced directives and treatment agreements are available to the elderly clients, their family/friends, and the professional care team.

“Professional medical care team?Providers and Doctors?”

The professional care team can use software to monitor and manage multiple patients at once, similar to the situation in a nursing home. The alert will also include the patient’s recent vital signs and any other information. The system gives caregivers and patients the ability to reach the team via text or voice calls. The system also allows care teams to remotely access patient medical data and modify or suggest alert trigger settings.

“User Types”

“Multiple users, as shown in FIG. 2. can be divided into different groups depending on their privilege level and client device technology capabilities:

“Privilege Levels”

“1) Administrator?” The most privileged user group would be able to add or remove members from the group. This category also has the ability to determine the privilege level for each user in the group. Access to specific documents and information for any user in the group.”

“2) Client/Family members (clients)?Default privilege is limited to client’s document, records, and other information. Additional privilege will be granted by the administrator to access additional information, such as: Access to the client’s information by other caregivers

“3) Super Client”: This client has a higher privilege than regular clients and is a resident at the care facility with their families. For example, the case manager from a regional center can assign one or more clients to this facility. They have access to all records for their clients.

“Client Device Technology Capability”

“1) No mobile devices. Their medical/health records kept by the other authorized users within the group, manually;

“2) Mobile devices have no sensors. Their medical/health records can be kept by them and/or authorized users within the group manually.

The mobile app is used to monitor and manage patients or users with different health conditions or statuses. It allows patients to share their medical history, recent conditions and real-time measurements with others who care for them. The platform allows data sharing in a private, secure networking environment. It also integrates essential functions that allow caregivers to communicate in real time with one another to care for the patient.

“Wheelchair Users”

“The health of wheelchair users is variable. Below are the sections that describe the needs of wheelchair users who are also suffering from various diseases. The common need for wheelchair users is the ability to seek help from others in times of need. a fire, storm, tornado. Their caregivers should also be connected to the emergency alert system. The software system can also send an emergency text message to caregivers groups that are connected to wheelchair-bound users. This information is tracked and displayed to them. Based on the location of the user, and information about the danger areas, the software system can provide suggestions for escape routes. If a caregiver is available, they could help the wheelchair user evacuate. A?Please Help XX? message can be sent to caregivers who are not near the user. You can broadcast the message to other users of the same app within the immediate vicinity of the user.”

“Users with high blood pressure”

It would be beneficial to regularly monitor blood pressure for those with high blood pressure. Patients with these conditions will be prescribed medication to lower their blood pressure. To prevent further deterioration, it is important to make sure that the prescribed medication is taken exactly as directed.

“Ideally, patients with high blood pressure should be able to monitor their blood pressure throughout the day so that medication can be taken when it is at its highest. Within 70-80% of the previous highest blood pressure. The software program can calculate the percentage x based on how quickly the blood pressure is rising and the time it takes for the medication to take effect. The software system would also consider the time and previous dosage of the medication.

“E.g., high blood pressure can be detected by the mHealth mobile Application. The mHealth mobile application will notify the patient and caregivers about the need to take medication if there is a high blood pressure condition. The alert will remain until the patient has taken their medication and responded to the alert. To detect changes in blood pressure, the blood pressure measurements would only be taken at shorter intervals. These data could be used to determine the medication’s response time. The time between the moment the medication is taken and the observation of a significant decrease in blood pressure, as well as the rate at which this drops, would be measured.

Sensors or measurement systems can be attached to patients to monitor and measure blood pressure levels. Depending on which system is used, the measurement data should be saved on the mHealth app at regular intervals.

The recorded blood pressure measurements throughout the day are stored on the device, backup in the desktop computer or storage device, or in a private, secure network storage location. These data can be shared with providers or pre-configured to make them available for immediate access. The nurses and doctors of the care team before or during the follow-up appointment.

“Cardiovascular Disease”

“Using the mHealth platform family members can help their elderly relatives or parents monitor their heart disease condition. FIG. FIG. The mHealth platform can track medication adherence and record heart rate, blood pressure, and/or ECG measurements. For the coordination of care-giving duties, reminders will be sent to family members for reminding them of follow-up appointments.

“The measurement of heart rate, blood pressure and temperature, as well as ECG, etc. You can collect data manually or automatically using mobile medical devices such as physiological sensors. Depending on how accurate and accessible the wearable sensors are, additional vital signs can be collected directly by the mHealth platform.

“The mHealth platform will allow for an alert to go to the family, e.g. This is based on early detection of an emergency. Analyzing the most recent data samples can help determine if there has been any unusual change in the trend. To determine if an alert is required, we will compare the vital signs to the normal condition of the patient.

“Users with GI Problems”

A user may be affected by GI diseases and share their discomfort via the mobile platform. Family members and caregivers connected to the group can offer suggestions for what the patient could do in order to alleviate the symptoms. If the symptoms do not improve, the patient should consult a doctor. You can use a Telemedicine app or visit a clinic to get help.

Self-reporting symptoms is the best way to find the solution. Recording stomach pain, acid reflux, and diarrhea, and noting when and what food or drinks were consumed before the onset of symptoms (e.g. scan the food packaging and take a photo of the food. You can use over-the-counter medication like Prilosec with the time recorded to note if symptoms are fading. The App can notify the patient when the medication is available again, depending on what type it is. At intervals of 4 hours or more. The patient can enter the state they are in, e.g. Improvements by?N N = 1-10. N=10 indicates that the symptoms have disappeared and N=10 signifies that medication was taken. You can track the tracking using a similar format to that used for pain management in FIG. 16.”

“There are a few types of sensors that can detect GI issues. One way to determine the pH level in the GI tract is by using a PH test. stomach. A non-invasive method has also been developed that uses external sensors to detect movement in the GI tract. This is based on signal processing techniques applied to the data collected by the sensor array. These sensor technologies will be approved by regulatory bodies and commercially available. The early detection of GI problems can help to predict them. The sensor data may show changes in the measurements collected before and after the medication is taken. This could indicate the effectiveness of the medication.

This App can also help users with GI problems by sending them regular alerts about medication and meals. The app will also suggest what type of food they should eat or avoid based on their GI history. You can set up alerts about the time between meals and diet and adjust them during your doctor’s visit. This can be done remotely by the doctor or nurse, dietitian, or caregivers according to the doctor’s instructions. If the patient is experiencing stomach pain, medication must be administered as soon as possible. Then, a light meal should be prepared with easy to digest food that can balance the stomach’s pH. The patient’s condition improves and the food options can be increased gradually without overfilling the stomach.

The alerts can appear as a pop-up on the user?s device, with a reminder about meals. Or it can show photos and links to nearby cafes, restaurants, and grocery stores that have suitable menu items for the user. The alerts for meals and other events can be combined to reduce interruptions. 15 minutes.”

“Using this app, the patient’s diet requirements can be shared with other members of the group (e.g. The family cook would know the requirements before the meal is prepared.

“Patients With Respiratory Problems (e.g. Asthma, COPD or Lung Cancer Patients”

Patients with respiratory conditions will have a lower blood oxygen level than the average person, and a higher carbon dioxide level than the normal. Patients with these diseases should have their carbon dioxide and blood oxygen levels continuously monitored. The sensor’s data can be wirelessly transmitted to the patient’s smartphone, access point (hub), and/or computer. Other vital signs such as heart rate and temperature can also be measured by the sensor. The patient’s heart rate and temperature would be monitored and measured by the same sensor or a separate sensor. These data will be transmitted to a mobile device, access point and/or computer.

“The measurement data from the sensors would be processed by the mobile device or computer, e.g. By filtering noise with a moving average filter over a configurable time, e.g. Depending on the patient’s condition and the required resolution, the filtering process can be done at a configurable duration. To determine if the patient has worsened, the filtered measurement data can be compared to a configurable threshold.

“If the filtered data, e.g. blood oxygen concentration level, heart rate falls below the first threshold, a level-1 alert will be generated. “If the filtered measurement data, e.g. blood oxygen concentration level, heart beat, falls below the first threshold, an alert level-1 will be generated to notify the closest caregivers. An adverse condition will be triggered in the event of a high carbon dioxide level or heart rate.

“An alternative configuration is to not filter the measurement data at the mobile device/computer. The sensors may transmit them at the desired intervals, e.g. per second/minute etc. Some configurations would include signal conditioning and filtering functions.

“The App also records environmental sensor data such as temperature, humidity and air quality. The app will also collect environmental sensor measurement data, such as temperature, humidity, and air quality, in addition to the vital sign. A smart thermostat, smart air purifier/airquality sensor can collect the environmental information and send it wirelessly to mobile devices. When the environment causes a flare up in the patient’s condition, the caregivers or patient would be notified.

Closed-loop control mechanisms can be used to adjust fan speed/airflow at the purifier, or temperature setting at thermostat, in cases where the environment may have contributed to the patient’s vital signs being worsened. You can also use it to adjust the oxygen flow rate to the concentrator or oxygen tank by sending commands via wireless link to the instrument.

“Diabetes”

Diabetic patients should have their blood glucose levels checked regularly. This is traditionally done by placing a drop of blood on the patient’s finger. The blood is then taken to a glucose meter. The app allows you to enter the blood glucose level into the mobile device’s record sheet. This allows patients and caregivers to track changes in blood glucose levels at different times during the day. The app will automatically link the recorded level to the date and time at which it was entered. Alternativly, the measurement data may be automatically entered into the patient?s record via a connection interface between your mobile device and the device that reads blood glucose levels.

Patients would also benefit from continuous glucose monitoring. The appropriate sensors could analyze the patient’s blood and saliva, as well as their sweat, using appropriate sensors. The sensor modules can transmit real-time data to a mobile device running the app via bluetooth or another wireless modem. This would allow the patient’s record to be automatically updated with new measurement data.

An insulin pump with a wireless interface allows remote adjustment of insulin levels in accordance to the blood glucose level. A closed-loop control system allows for the adjustment of the insulin flow at the pump based on the measured glucose level. This ensures that the desired level is maintained.

The mobile platform is able to wirelessly adjust the flow control of an insulin pump. Through continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, the app will calculate and adjust the insulin dosage to maintain the desired blood glucose level. It also takes into consideration the time it takes for each insulin injection. Based on historical data (e.g. Through the monitoring of blood glucose levels, at shorter intervals, beginning at the injection of a specific dose of insulin.

“The needle for the insulin pump can be integrated with the blood glucose level sensor, so that there is no need to have a separate needle for blood sugar sensing.”

“Pre-Diabetic Users”

Pre-diabetic people are those most likely to develop diabetes later in life. This is based on how active they are and their lifestyle. Low activity and high-sugar, high-fat diets are the most common. High BMI and obesity levels are a major risk factor for becoming diabetics.

It would be worthwhile for the App’s users to assist them with these conditions in order to prevent from developing diabetes. This App will provide tools, plans, and suggestions to help users improve their health. You can choose from a variety of weight loss programs. Different ratios of meat and vegetables should be used in meals. Exercises: Provide links to resources for training classes, coaches, MeetUps, and other information about various sports activities.

The App allows pre-diabetic users to connect with their family and close friends. Friends and family can connect via the App to remind and encourage the prediabetic user. When exercise is necessary and/or when meals can be prepared for pre-diabetics.

“The pre-diabetic user’s motion sensors, e.g. “The motion sensors carried by pre-diabetic users, e.g., in their cell phones, smart watches, or wearable devices would give information about the App’s activity that was shared with them. Users can view the selected diet plan and receive reminders, suggestions, dinner ideas, etc. from their group.

“Patients with Emotional Problems, e.g. Depression, PTSD etc.”

The platform can be used to help these patients with their “always-on” needs. any changes in their behavior or responses can be used to detect symptoms. at the onset depressive mood. A message pop-up may ask them if they feel happy at a particular time. An intervention can be initiated if they answer “No” or not at all. They can also see the response through the app’s connection.

“The supportive connection can then offer some ways to alleviate the symptoms, e.g. phone call to chat or sharing music to ease the symptoms.

“Parkinson Disease Patients.”

“Detection of shaking, instabilities and jittering may help to prevent the patient from falling. A fall-prediction algorithm. The caregivers can then be there to help the patient avoid falling before it is predicted. The caregivers can be in constant contact with each other, such as. Family members and neighbors would be notified of any fall or prediction so they can respond quickly to the patient’s needs.

“Alzheimer Disease/Dementia Patients”

“The user’s location, which can be accessed in all mobile phones via GPS or a combination GPS, wireless, and/or network user positioning mechanisms or a GPS location tag that the user carries, e.g. An Alzheimer patient can be shown to connected group members in order to help locate him/her. FIG. FIG. 12. 12 shows the approximate location of the client (with Bluetooth Device). The blue circle is centred around care home.

The distance between a wearable device and a host device can be used as an alternative to a device equipped with GPS receivers and cellular communications capabilities. This wireless connection can also be used to determine the distance between the user’s device and the host device. With some calibrations, the wireless signal strength can be used to estimate the distance.

“In one situation, a dementia patient might have a tag with Bluetooth connectivity that connects to a hub/gateway inside the nursing home where he or she resides. One or more apps can be run on a tablet computer that acts as the hub/gateway. The patient can be alerted if he/she wanders out of the house. The App will generate an alert if the patient wanders more than X metres from the hub. Notifications will be sent to other caregivers/mobile user who are connected to App. The distance between the hub and the exits of each house can determine the value of X. This allows alerts to be activated as soon as the patient steps out of the door.

The patient may carry a tag in many forms, such as a necklace, bracelet, hairpin or earrings. Necklace, bracelet, ring or hairpin can be attached to the clothes or shoes. It can be either a commercial product or a custom-made item with Bluetooth or another wireless connectivity. Based on the strength and transmission of the wireless signal from the tag, the App running at the hub will calculate the distance of the tag. If that information is not available in a commercial-off-the-shelf tag then the App will need to make API calls to retrieve it.

A custom-made device would include a wireless modem (e.g. An antenna, Bluetooth transceiver, and a power supply are all required.

“Infants and Children.”

The app can be used for organizing and storing infant’s medical records, such as growth and vaccinations. Regular temperature measurements; Regular height and weight measurements; Immunization record. Diet: type, amount, etc. Day of special events: First tooth, first time to stand or walk, first words spoken. Pointers to these events will be made available to assist users in retrieving the photo or video. FIG. FIG. 15 illustrates the scenario used to manage healthy growth in a baby. This would record the infant’s health records, starting at the beginning. Other methods can be used to determine the location of children without a mobile phone, such as GPS tags. Wearable devices can be used to track location, RFID tags, and other similar methods as a dementia patient.

“Healthy Users”

The World Health Organization, US Surgeon General, and American Heart Association recommend that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week to protect against chronic diseases. For chronic disease prevention, healthy eating habits are recommended. Through myPlate and the Harvard food plate. A good night’s sleep is essential for your health.

The App would offer information that could help healthy users maintain their health. The App will gather data from wearable devices in a similar way to monitoring patients with medical conditions. activities level and duration, sleep duration, heart rate etc. The user can analyze the data and see the results in an intuitive way to learn and receive advice about whether or not they should increase their activity and/or improve their sleep. Here are some additional features that support healthy lifestyle choices.

“Suggestions for nearby restaurants that offer healthy menu items. Includes nutritional information and health benefits. Broccoli, tomatoes high in anti-oxidants to prevent cancer; determined by the user’s location. Walking, hiking trails, swimming pools, and courts for sports are all nearby. Information can be provided to the user when they search for directions to a specific location. Ad-hoc meetups can be set up for people who live nearby. Events that are posted on Meetup.com or Eventbrite. These events will be available for anyone who is nearby. Connections with friends, family, and neighbors can facilitate the organization of physical activities together, which would motivate and sustain the habit. Activities can also be tracked to determine the amount of activity completed and suggest additional activities to reach the goal. Joining friends for a walk. Reminders can be sent to mobile device users to remind them of the time. These reminders can be set up as text messages, pre-recorded sounds, machine voices, or preset sounds.

“For example, a friend may have recorded a gentle reminder and warm words to remind you of something. ?Hi Friend, I see you haven’t been exercising enough today. Would you like to take a walk before sunset, which is expected to last an hour? Perhaps you could return missed calls while you are walking. Based on the weather forecast, the pre-recorded message would be played about an hour before sunset. This message can also be displayed in a text message. You can set the reminders for exercising to a lower priority and delay them until another event of greater importance has passed. Incentives can also be given to encourage the user when they make significant improvements, e.g. Increase levels of physical activity compared to the previous days or achievement of predetermined goals. Incentives could be provided in the form free music, coupons for Yoga, Zumba or Taichi classes, and free passes to the gym or other health food/drinks. Sponsored incentives can be offered by many vendors that could use this opportunity to acquire new customers or future business. Weight information can also be recorded for users. If possible, the scale can be connected wirelessly or manually.

“Sleep Apnea”

The App can detect sleep apnea symptoms and alert users, their family and roommates to get them up.

“The user must wear a pulseoximeter (SpO2) sensor while they sleep. Ideally, an activity tracker is also required. While the user sleeps, the App will monitor SpO2 levels and heart rate. If the SpO2 level drops below an abnormal level, the App will alert the user that an obstruction may be occurring in their airway. The alarm would be sent to the caregiver, roommate or user to alert them to change their sleeping position to clear the airway.

“Chronic pain management”

The App supports manual and semi-automatic tracking of pain symptoms, location, types, duration, and activities. When a smart activity tracking device is worn. As shown, the information would include the start and end times of the activity, as well as the time that the pain was felt or disappeared. FIG. 16. The App uses information about the pain profile to estimate how long the patient can do a particular activity. It then alerts the patient to stop the activity and rest before the pain strikes. You can configure the t to be your favorite music, machine voice or pre-recorded sound or pet’s voice. For example, a loved. One might have written a gentle reminder or a warning, such as: You might have recorded a warning or gentle reminder, e.g. If you’d like, you can text me or call me at.

“Features”

“1. “1.

“a”) Anyone can create and maintain a personal copy of their medical records or health information using this platform.

“b. The caregivers and authorized persons can collaborate to review and update the personal health records.

“c) Integration of electronic medical records”

“2. Messaging: Users connected to the group can communicate using text messages, voice, and/or video messages. You can set the voice or video messages to play back at certain times (e.g. As a reminder to the patient, at the time of medication. a) text; b) voice; c) Video”

Summary for “System and Method for Mobile Platform Designed for Digital Health Management and Remote Patient Monitoring”

“Mobile phone users might have a basic feature telephone for voice calls and text messaging. For some, smartphone technology can be expensive and very complex. Patients with severe conditions or elderly people with limited education may find smartphone technology difficult to use. Through the creation of connections between patients and caregivers, the software system can help to eliminate these constraints. It will allow for collaboration between multiple caregivers to care for a patient, whether they are from the same or different groups. This includes but is not limited: Family members, friends, relatives, neighbors, friends, personal nurses, house helpers, nursing homes, professional care teams (i.e. Providers, nurses, doctors, and specialists.

“In order to help patients who are unable or unable to access the mHealth App (App) on their smartphone, caregivers such as a.e. Some of the people in the above groups may be?connected? They would be able use the App to monitor? You can also?manage? your health. Their?diseases? your?health status, and taking appropriate actions depending on the circumstances?

Patients who have the mHealth App installed on their smartphones can communicate with other patients via the App to exchange information, such as voice, video, or text. Chat (voice, video, or text) with their caregivers about their condition and get their attention.

The platform allows you to create personal health records (medical records) with configurable options that can be shared and maintained by certain individuals connected to the patient/user. The phone’s patient health record can be updated manually, or automatically using physiological or biosensors worn or environmental sensors. These updates can be visible to caregivers connected to the patient via the app.

A family/group-centric, mobile health platform that is family/group-centric could be developed to allow mobile users to manage and monitor the health of their loved ones. Family members can use this platform to store and organize their health data. This allows them to monitor their health, share caregiving responsibilities and manage elderly, sick, or baby family members. The platform gives caregivers the ability to connect to patients and provide them with updates on their health. These can be done manually or automatically using interfaces with vital sign sensors. Remotely configured alert levels can be set for different caregiver groups and threshold conditions. It can be used for home healthcare, assisted living or nursing home care. It can also monitor various types of diseases and states of health. It is an integrated platform that provides efficient, continuous connections between patients and caregivers, as well as the monitoring of their health conditions. To maintain optimal conditions for patients, the environment factors are automatically monitored and adjusted. With support from caregivers and other members of the group, the platform provides guidance to group members about the best actions and options for improving their health. This platform allows for personalized advice and reminders from close friends or family.

“The system architecture of the software platform was designed to allow for:?distributed and hierarchical patient monitoring?. Depending on the severity and needs of the patients, one or more of the following scenarios may apply to care-giving:

“A mobile health platform allows members to connect and monitor their health condition by one another, based upon pre-configured options. This design allows family members, distant relatives and friends, as well as neighbors, friends, and/or other caregivers, to join the group.

“The platform supports users using a desktop computer, smart mobile device or feature phone. It also includes features that are adapted to the capabilities of their devices.”

The software platform allows a patient to monitor their health from any location where connectivity and communication are available. All members of the group can access their medical history including test results, doctor’s visits, medications, allergies, and recent vital sign measurements. This information can also be updated by anyone who has been authorized by the patient. FIG. FIG. 13 and FIG. 14 displays the patient information. A group of members would also be able communicate with one another, e.g. With updates on patients’ health and coordination of any subsequent actions. FIG. FIG. 17 illustrates a flowchart of the process for how caregiver and patient groups interact with one another. These updates can be sent automatically, e.g. Wireless connectivity or via physiological sensor or biosensor. Or, the updates can be entered manually based on patient self-reports or manual vital sign measurements.

“The distributed health monitoring system would allow caregivers to take simpler and earlier interventions, which will reduce the need for professional medical assistance. This would increase the quality of patient’s lives and lower the cost to all parties. Patients who are cared for by family, friends, or neighbors would get a quicker response from their dedicated caregivers. They would be the ‘first responders’. This is a great solution.

“The provider will trigger the escalation of the alerts to the professional team including the caregivers when the patient’s condition is worse than the first trigger or if the interventions by the first responders fail to improve the patient’s condition. To determine triggers at different levels, there will be different thresholds.

“The protocol architecture and system are selected with considerations for the privacy and security personal health data, e.g. HIPAA compliance. The data would be encrypted in the individual devices that have been authorized by the Master user. The Master user has the option to have data stored on a personal computer, hard drive, or cloud service. This would allow patients and users to take full control over their data collected from their devices. A caregiver can be designated as the Master user and the patient may give proxy rights to the Master user. Personal health records can be linked to electronic medical records, which are typically maintained by medical service providers. They are updated after patient visits. The personal health record, on the other hand, would track a patient’s current health status at any time. This can be done in the US through the Fast Healthcare Interoperability Resources interface. The patient’s medical information (e.g. The FHIR API calls can retrieve patient’s medical information, including vital signs, prescriptions for medication, lab results and radiology results. You can combine both records to assess and compare patient conditions.

“Medical Knowledge”

“The solution would allow patients, their families and/or personal caregivers to have access to pre-screened information about different diseases, symptoms, and treatment options. Patients and their families would be able to make better medical decisions based on the information they have gathered from the patient.

“Use Cases”

“The solution supports many scenarios for different types of caregivers and user/patient situations. The following subsections provide some examples. The first section compares caregiver types, followed by subsection that describes different users/patients with various diseases and conditions.

“Support for Different Types of Caregivers.”

“Family”

“Members of a family can be connected via the mHealth system so that they can access and share information such as their medical conditions and records through the platform described in this document. FIG. FIG. 1 illustrates an example of the User Interface that shows the caregiving scenario between family members. This ‘care’ is a virtual caregiving relationship between family members. Members can be connected online in this?care? group. Family members can remotely monitor the condition of a sick member of their family. No matter what communication technology is available to the patient (e.g. A person with a basic phone can manage their health information including doctor’s appointments and medication using their smart device. Alerts can be set up periodically or triggered by specific events.

“Nursing Home”

“In the case of an elderly patient in a nursing home, staff may use a tablet, smartphone, tablet, or desktop computer to monitor multiple elderly patients simultaneously. FIG. FIG. 2 illustrates an example of the User Interface for nursing home caregiving. In a matter of minutes, the nursing home staff should have the ability to examine an elderly patient. Software integrates with the App to allow the addition of vital sign measurements data to the patient’s medical records on mobile devices.

“The app would connect to family members of clients in a nursing home/care center facility so that they could have access to their client’s record. Case managers, e.g. The case managers, e.g., from the regional centre, can also be connected to the manager at the care center facility. They have access to their clients’ records but not to others, as shown in FIG. FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. 2 below. The app will not only provide access to electronic medical records but also other official documents such as tax returns. Power of attorney, advanced directives and treatment agreements are available to the elderly clients, their family/friends, and the professional care team.

“Professional medical care team?Providers and Doctors?”

The professional care team can use software to monitor and manage multiple patients at once, similar to the situation in a nursing home. The alert will also include the patient’s recent vital signs and any other information. The system gives caregivers and patients the ability to reach the team via text or voice calls. The system also allows care teams to remotely access patient medical data and modify or suggest alert trigger settings.

“User Types”

“Multiple users, as shown in FIG. 2. can be divided into different groups depending on their privilege level and client device technology capabilities:

“Privilege Levels”

“1) Administrator?” The most privileged user group would be able to add or remove members from the group. This category also has the ability to determine the privilege level for each user in the group. Access to specific documents and information for any user in the group.”

“2) Client/Family members (clients)?Default privilege is limited to client’s document, records, and other information. Additional privilege will be granted by the administrator to access additional information, such as: Access to the client’s information by other caregivers

“3) Super Client”: This client has a higher privilege than regular clients and is a resident at the care facility with their families. For example, the case manager from a regional center can assign one or more clients to this facility. They have access to all records for their clients.

“Client Device Technology Capability”

“1) No mobile devices. Their medical/health records kept by the other authorized users within the group, manually;

“2) Mobile devices have no sensors. Their medical/health records can be kept by them and/or authorized users within the group manually.

The mobile app is used to monitor and manage patients or users with different health conditions or statuses. It allows patients to share their medical history, recent conditions and real-time measurements with others who care for them. The platform allows data sharing in a private, secure networking environment. It also integrates essential functions that allow caregivers to communicate in real time with one another to care for the patient.

“Wheelchair Users”

“The health of wheelchair users is variable. Below are the sections that describe the needs of wheelchair users who are also suffering from various diseases. The common need for wheelchair users is the ability to seek help from others in times of need. a fire, storm, tornado. Their caregivers should also be connected to the emergency alert system. The software system can also send an emergency text message to caregivers groups that are connected to wheelchair-bound users. This information is tracked and displayed to them. Based on the location of the user, and information about the danger areas, the software system can provide suggestions for escape routes. If a caregiver is available, they could help the wheelchair user evacuate. A?Please Help XX? message can be sent to caregivers who are not near the user. You can broadcast the message to other users of the same app within the immediate vicinity of the user.”

“Users with high blood pressure”

It would be beneficial to regularly monitor blood pressure for those with high blood pressure. Patients with these conditions will be prescribed medication to lower their blood pressure. To prevent further deterioration, it is important to make sure that the prescribed medication is taken exactly as directed.

“Ideally, patients with high blood pressure should be able to monitor their blood pressure throughout the day so that medication can be taken when it is at its highest. Within 70-80% of the previous highest blood pressure. The software program can calculate the percentage x based on how quickly the blood pressure is rising and the time it takes for the medication to take effect. The software system would also consider the time and previous dosage of the medication.

“E.g., high blood pressure can be detected by the mHealth mobile Application. The mHealth mobile application will notify the patient and caregivers about the need to take medication if there is a high blood pressure condition. The alert will remain until the patient has taken their medication and responded to the alert. To detect changes in blood pressure, the blood pressure measurements would only be taken at shorter intervals. These data could be used to determine the medication’s response time. The time between the moment the medication is taken and the observation of a significant decrease in blood pressure, as well as the rate at which this drops, would be measured.

Sensors or measurement systems can be attached to patients to monitor and measure blood pressure levels. Depending on which system is used, the measurement data should be saved on the mHealth app at regular intervals.

The recorded blood pressure measurements throughout the day are stored on the device, backup in the desktop computer or storage device, or in a private, secure network storage location. These data can be shared with providers or pre-configured to make them available for immediate access. The nurses and doctors of the care team before or during the follow-up appointment.

“Cardiovascular Disease”

“Using the mHealth platform family members can help their elderly relatives or parents monitor their heart disease condition. FIG. FIG. The mHealth platform can track medication adherence and record heart rate, blood pressure, and/or ECG measurements. For the coordination of care-giving duties, reminders will be sent to family members for reminding them of follow-up appointments.

“The measurement of heart rate, blood pressure and temperature, as well as ECG, etc. You can collect data manually or automatically using mobile medical devices such as physiological sensors. Depending on how accurate and accessible the wearable sensors are, additional vital signs can be collected directly by the mHealth platform.

“The mHealth platform will allow for an alert to go to the family, e.g. This is based on early detection of an emergency. Analyzing the most recent data samples can help determine if there has been any unusual change in the trend. To determine if an alert is required, we will compare the vital signs to the normal condition of the patient.

“Users with GI Problems”

A user may be affected by GI diseases and share their discomfort via the mobile platform. Family members and caregivers connected to the group can offer suggestions for what the patient could do in order to alleviate the symptoms. If the symptoms do not improve, the patient should consult a doctor. You can use a Telemedicine app or visit a clinic to get help.

Self-reporting symptoms is the best way to find the solution. Recording stomach pain, acid reflux, and diarrhea, and noting when and what food or drinks were consumed before the onset of symptoms (e.g. scan the food packaging and take a photo of the food. You can use over-the-counter medication like Prilosec with the time recorded to note if symptoms are fading. The App can notify the patient when the medication is available again, depending on what type it is. At intervals of 4 hours or more. The patient can enter the state they are in, e.g. Improvements by?N N = 1-10. N=10 indicates that the symptoms have disappeared and N=10 signifies that medication was taken. You can track the tracking using a similar format to that used for pain management in FIG. 16.”

“There are a few types of sensors that can detect GI issues. One way to determine the pH level in the GI tract is by using a PH test. stomach. A non-invasive method has also been developed that uses external sensors to detect movement in the GI tract. This is based on signal processing techniques applied to the data collected by the sensor array. These sensor technologies will be approved by regulatory bodies and commercially available. The early detection of GI problems can help to predict them. The sensor data may show changes in the measurements collected before and after the medication is taken. This could indicate the effectiveness of the medication.

This App can also help users with GI problems by sending them regular alerts about medication and meals. The app will also suggest what type of food they should eat or avoid based on their GI history. You can set up alerts about the time between meals and diet and adjust them during your doctor’s visit. This can be done remotely by the doctor or nurse, dietitian, or caregivers according to the doctor’s instructions. If the patient is experiencing stomach pain, medication must be administered as soon as possible. Then, a light meal should be prepared with easy to digest food that can balance the stomach’s pH. The patient’s condition improves and the food options can be increased gradually without overfilling the stomach.

The alerts can appear as a pop-up on the user?s device, with a reminder about meals. Or it can show photos and links to nearby cafes, restaurants, and grocery stores that have suitable menu items for the user. The alerts for meals and other events can be combined to reduce interruptions. 15 minutes.”

“Using this app, the patient’s diet requirements can be shared with other members of the group (e.g. The family cook would know the requirements before the meal is prepared.

“Patients With Respiratory Problems (e.g. Asthma, COPD or Lung Cancer Patients”

Patients with respiratory conditions will have a lower blood oxygen level than the average person, and a higher carbon dioxide level than the normal. Patients with these diseases should have their carbon dioxide and blood oxygen levels continuously monitored. The sensor’s data can be wirelessly transmitted to the patient’s smartphone, access point (hub), and/or computer. Other vital signs such as heart rate and temperature can also be measured by the sensor. The patient’s heart rate and temperature would be monitored and measured by the same sensor or a separate sensor. These data will be transmitted to a mobile device, access point and/or computer.

“The measurement data from the sensors would be processed by the mobile device or computer, e.g. By filtering noise with a moving average filter over a configurable time, e.g. Depending on the patient’s condition and the required resolution, the filtering process can be done at a configurable duration. To determine if the patient has worsened, the filtered measurement data can be compared to a configurable threshold.

“If the filtered data, e.g. blood oxygen concentration level, heart rate falls below the first threshold, a level-1 alert will be generated. “If the filtered measurement data, e.g. blood oxygen concentration level, heart beat, falls below the first threshold, an alert level-1 will be generated to notify the closest caregivers. An adverse condition will be triggered in the event of a high carbon dioxide level or heart rate.

“An alternative configuration is to not filter the measurement data at the mobile device/computer. The sensors may transmit them at the desired intervals, e.g. per second/minute etc. Some configurations would include signal conditioning and filtering functions.

“The App also records environmental sensor data such as temperature, humidity and air quality. The app will also collect environmental sensor measurement data, such as temperature, humidity, and air quality, in addition to the vital sign. A smart thermostat, smart air purifier/airquality sensor can collect the environmental information and send it wirelessly to mobile devices. When the environment causes a flare up in the patient’s condition, the caregivers or patient would be notified.

Closed-loop control mechanisms can be used to adjust fan speed/airflow at the purifier, or temperature setting at thermostat, in cases where the environment may have contributed to the patient’s vital signs being worsened. You can also use it to adjust the oxygen flow rate to the concentrator or oxygen tank by sending commands via wireless link to the instrument.

“Diabetes”

Diabetic patients should have their blood glucose levels checked regularly. This is traditionally done by placing a drop of blood on the patient’s finger. The blood is then taken to a glucose meter. The app allows you to enter the blood glucose level into the mobile device’s record sheet. This allows patients and caregivers to track changes in blood glucose levels at different times during the day. The app will automatically link the recorded level to the date and time at which it was entered. Alternativly, the measurement data may be automatically entered into the patient?s record via a connection interface between your mobile device and the device that reads blood glucose levels.

Patients would also benefit from continuous glucose monitoring. The appropriate sensors could analyze the patient’s blood and saliva, as well as their sweat, using appropriate sensors. The sensor modules can transmit real-time data to a mobile device running the app via bluetooth or another wireless modem. This would allow the patient’s record to be automatically updated with new measurement data.

An insulin pump with a wireless interface allows remote adjustment of insulin levels in accordance to the blood glucose level. A closed-loop control system allows for the adjustment of the insulin flow at the pump based on the measured glucose level. This ensures that the desired level is maintained.

The mobile platform is able to wirelessly adjust the flow control of an insulin pump. Through continuous monitoring of blood glucose levels, the app will calculate and adjust the insulin dosage to maintain the desired blood glucose level. It also takes into consideration the time it takes for each insulin injection. Based on historical data (e.g. Through the monitoring of blood glucose levels, at shorter intervals, beginning at the injection of a specific dose of insulin.

“The needle for the insulin pump can be integrated with the blood glucose level sensor, so that there is no need to have a separate needle for blood sugar sensing.”

“Pre-Diabetic Users”

Pre-diabetic people are those most likely to develop diabetes later in life. This is based on how active they are and their lifestyle. Low activity and high-sugar, high-fat diets are the most common. High BMI and obesity levels are a major risk factor for becoming diabetics.

It would be worthwhile for the App’s users to assist them with these conditions in order to prevent from developing diabetes. This App will provide tools, plans, and suggestions to help users improve their health. You can choose from a variety of weight loss programs. Different ratios of meat and vegetables should be used in meals. Exercises: Provide links to resources for training classes, coaches, MeetUps, and other information about various sports activities.

The App allows pre-diabetic users to connect with their family and close friends. Friends and family can connect via the App to remind and encourage the prediabetic user. When exercise is necessary and/or when meals can be prepared for pre-diabetics.

“The pre-diabetic user’s motion sensors, e.g. “The motion sensors carried by pre-diabetic users, e.g., in their cell phones, smart watches, or wearable devices would give information about the App’s activity that was shared with them. Users can view the selected diet plan and receive reminders, suggestions, dinner ideas, etc. from their group.

“Patients with Emotional Problems, e.g. Depression, PTSD etc.”

The platform can be used to help these patients with their “always-on” needs. any changes in their behavior or responses can be used to detect symptoms. at the onset depressive mood. A message pop-up may ask them if they feel happy at a particular time. An intervention can be initiated if they answer “No” or not at all. They can also see the response through the app’s connection.

“The supportive connection can then offer some ways to alleviate the symptoms, e.g. phone call to chat or sharing music to ease the symptoms.

“Parkinson Disease Patients.”

“Detection of shaking, instabilities and jittering may help to prevent the patient from falling. A fall-prediction algorithm. The caregivers can then be there to help the patient avoid falling before it is predicted. The caregivers can be in constant contact with each other, such as. Family members and neighbors would be notified of any fall or prediction so they can respond quickly to the patient’s needs.

“Alzheimer Disease/Dementia Patients”

“The user’s location, which can be accessed in all mobile phones via GPS or a combination GPS, wireless, and/or network user positioning mechanisms or a GPS location tag that the user carries, e.g. An Alzheimer patient can be shown to connected group members in order to help locate him/her. FIG. FIG. 12. 12 shows the approximate location of the client (with Bluetooth Device). The blue circle is centred around care home.

The distance between a wearable device and a host device can be used as an alternative to a device equipped with GPS receivers and cellular communications capabilities. This wireless connection can also be used to determine the distance between the user’s device and the host device. With some calibrations, the wireless signal strength can be used to estimate the distance.

“In one situation, a dementia patient might have a tag with Bluetooth connectivity that connects to a hub/gateway inside the nursing home where he or she resides. One or more apps can be run on a tablet computer that acts as the hub/gateway. The patient can be alerted if he/she wanders out of the house. The App will generate an alert if the patient wanders more than X metres from the hub. Notifications will be sent to other caregivers/mobile user who are connected to App. The distance between the hub and the exits of each house can determine the value of X. This allows alerts to be activated as soon as the patient steps out of the door.

The patient may carry a tag in many forms, such as a necklace, bracelet, hairpin or earrings. Necklace, bracelet, ring or hairpin can be attached to the clothes or shoes. It can be either a commercial product or a custom-made item with Bluetooth or another wireless connectivity. Based on the strength and transmission of the wireless signal from the tag, the App running at the hub will calculate the distance of the tag. If that information is not available in a commercial-off-the-shelf tag then the App will need to make API calls to retrieve it.

A custom-made device would include a wireless modem (e.g. An antenna, Bluetooth transceiver, and a power supply are all required.

“Infants and Children.”

The app can be used for organizing and storing infant’s medical records, such as growth and vaccinations. Regular temperature measurements; Regular height and weight measurements; Immunization record. Diet: type, amount, etc. Day of special events: First tooth, first time to stand or walk, first words spoken. Pointers to these events will be made available to assist users in retrieving the photo or video. FIG. FIG. 15 illustrates the scenario used to manage healthy growth in a baby. This would record the infant’s health records, starting at the beginning. Other methods can be used to determine the location of children without a mobile phone, such as GPS tags. Wearable devices can be used to track location, RFID tags, and other similar methods as a dementia patient.

“Healthy Users”

The World Health Organization, US Surgeon General, and American Heart Association recommend that adults do at least 150 minutes of moderate exercise each week to protect against chronic diseases. For chronic disease prevention, healthy eating habits are recommended. Through myPlate and the Harvard food plate. A good night’s sleep is essential for your health.

The App would offer information that could help healthy users maintain their health. The App will gather data from wearable devices in a similar way to monitoring patients with medical conditions. activities level and duration, sleep duration, heart rate etc. The user can analyze the data and see the results in an intuitive way to learn and receive advice about whether or not they should increase their activity and/or improve their sleep. Here are some additional features that support healthy lifestyle choices.

“Suggestions for nearby restaurants that offer healthy menu items. Includes nutritional information and health benefits. Broccoli, tomatoes high in anti-oxidants to prevent cancer; determined by the user’s location. Walking, hiking trails, swimming pools, and courts for sports are all nearby. Information can be provided to the user when they search for directions to a specific location. Ad-hoc meetups can be set up for people who live nearby. Events that are posted on Meetup.com or Eventbrite. These events will be available for anyone who is nearby. Connections with friends, family, and neighbors can facilitate the organization of physical activities together, which would motivate and sustain the habit. Activities can also be tracked to determine the amount of activity completed and suggest additional activities to reach the goal. Joining friends for a walk. Reminders can be sent to mobile device users to remind them of the time. These reminders can be set up as text messages, pre-recorded sounds, machine voices, or preset sounds.

“For example, a friend may have recorded a gentle reminder and warm words to remind you of something. ?Hi Friend, I see you haven’t been exercising enough today. Would you like to take a walk before sunset, which is expected to last an hour? Perhaps you could return missed calls while you are walking. Based on the weather forecast, the pre-recorded message would be played about an hour before sunset. This message can also be displayed in a text message. You can set the reminders for exercising to a lower priority and delay them until another event of greater importance has passed. Incentives can also be given to encourage the user when they make significant improvements, e.g. Increase levels of physical activity compared to the previous days or achievement of predetermined goals. Incentives could be provided in the form free music, coupons for Yoga, Zumba or Taichi classes, and free passes to the gym or other health food/drinks. Sponsored incentives can be offered by many vendors that could use this opportunity to acquire new customers or future business. Weight information can also be recorded for users. If possible, the scale can be connected wirelessly or manually.

“Sleep Apnea”

The App can detect sleep apnea symptoms and alert users, their family and roommates to get them up.

“The user must wear a pulseoximeter (SpO2) sensor while they sleep. Ideally, an activity tracker is also required. While the user sleeps, the App will monitor SpO2 levels and heart rate. If the SpO2 level drops below an abnormal level, the App will alert the user that an obstruction may be occurring in their airway. The alarm would be sent to the caregiver, roommate or user to alert them to change their sleeping position to clear the airway.

“Chronic pain management”

The App supports manual and semi-automatic tracking of pain symptoms, location, types, duration, and activities. When a smart activity tracking device is worn. As shown, the information would include the start and end times of the activity, as well as the time that the pain was felt or disappeared. FIG. 16. The App uses information about the pain profile to estimate how long the patient can do a particular activity. It then alerts the patient to stop the activity and rest before the pain strikes. You can configure the t to be your favorite music, machine voice or pre-recorded sound or pet’s voice. For example, a loved. One might have written a gentle reminder or a warning, such as: You might have recorded a warning or gentle reminder, e.g. If you’d like, you can text me or call me at.

“Features”

“1. “1.

“a”) Anyone can create and maintain a personal copy of their medical records or health information using this platform.

“b. The caregivers and authorized persons can collaborate to review and update the personal health records.

“c) Integration of electronic medical records”

“2. Messaging: Users connected to the group can communicate using text messages, voice, and/or video messages. You can set the voice or video messages to play back at certain times (e.g. As a reminder to the patient, at the time of medication. a) text; b) voice; c) Video”

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