Blockchain Fintech – Elliot Klein

Abstract for “Blockchain system, method and algorithm for calculating the location of time-crucial shipment according to expectation and smart contract”

A client-server system and blockchain method to determine whether a time critical shipment is located according a customer expectation. This includes a client device that can be adhered to or placed in a time-crucial parcel shipment. Also, a remote special-purpose computer server with a transit plan database based upon pickup time and stored location. The system and method calculate the location of the client device using data from Wi-Fi access points location databases, transmitted identification data and transmitted signal strength data. They then compare the calculated location with an expected location, based upon common carrier schedule transit plans pickup times and delivery locations received from third-party database sources.

Background for “Blockchain system, method and algorithm for calculating the location of time-crucial shipment according to expectation and smart contract”

“This invention is related to logistics systems and methods. The invention is particularly concerned with systems and methods for tracking the location of packages en route from shipping locations to destination locations. It also covers systems and methods to notify the shipper, recipient or designated third parties if there are any problems with shipment, such as delays in flight or truck or mishandled package.

Sometimes next-day shipping is not fast enough for customers who need a replacement part on an assembly line, a part for an airplane that’s out of commission, or a part to ship a human organ across the continent. Tissue samples, bone marrow, and eyes for transplants require next flight out speed. The shipper and recipient will either use a private logistics service, commercial airline carrier, charter flight or Next Flight Out (NFO), delivery service to transport the package. This is because time is critical. Other cases, the parties might choose to use one or more of the common carriers to transport the package, from pick-up to delivery, such as trains, planes, trucks, and/or trucks that follow a specific schedule.

Amazon, Wal-Mart and Federal Express offer same-day delivery to certain areas. These services can be reliable, and they offer tracking services. However, sometimes mistakes occur during shipment. For example, a package might miss a flight, or a truck may delay due to weather conditions, accident, or traffic conditions. Therefore, for highly time-sensitive shipments like the ones mentioned above, it is necessary to have extremely precise tracking systems and methods that are better than state-of-the-art methods.

The present invention addresses this need and other ones that will be apparent from the following disclosures and drawings. In one aspect, the system comprises a client device, which is designed to receive Wi-Fi signals from Wi-Fi access points and communicate data to one or multiple servers via. GSM wireless transmission protocol; one or several servers configured to receive data via GSM and to receive schedule information from a common carrier, which includes a scheduled airline/truck tracking service; one or two servers that program to determine the location of the device at a particular time by comparing data received from it to a database of Wi?Fi access point locations. The one or multiple servers that program to compare the location to a scheduled location based on data received from the common carrier tracking or reporting service.

“Another aspect of the invention is a method for locating a package at a time. This involves comparing data received via GSM protocol by the client device to an identification data set from Wi-Fi access points to a known position of each Wi-Fi point to a scheduled place obtained from a common carrier track service. The schedule location can then be used to calculate whether the device is in the designated location. Another aspect of the method is to signal an alarm if the client device cannot be located according to the planned location. The device will then report the last known location based on the GSM protocol data. A further aspect of the method involves reporting the received signal strength from one or several Wi-Fi access points as well as the time it was received. A GSM communication gateway may allow for two types of messages to be sent, USSD and SMS.

The system can take battery-saving decisions based on many factors in the supply chain. A system with additional information about location availability and route delays based upon flight or truck schedules can automatically adjust the frequency of location updates to save power. The system can also increase frequency or modify modes to improve supply chain compliance, or gain additional information about shipment location and environment.

“Another aspect of the invention is a blockchain method of determining whether a time-critical shipment is located according a expectation. This includes: receiving from the WiFi receiver client device identification data from one or more nearby WiFi access points; measuring, by WiFi receiver, signal strength information of the one or two nearby WiFi access points; transmitting, via the GSM radio modul, the received data and considered signal strength data when movement of the accelerometer is detected; computing, by remote special computer, the location of the shared with real-time ownership of package shipments;

“Some embodiments include reporting device data that is based on temperature or movement or chain of custody data. This allows shipment data to be transferred to the blockchain or traded according smart contracts.

“With the emergence of Next Flight Out (NFO), an air transportation market for critical cargo shipments, when time is of critical importance logistically, shipments must be delivered within hours and not days. Planning the best flight path, being able react to exception reporting with confirmations about the location and temperature, chain custody, and reporting of every shipment at any time, anywhere in the world, is crucial to ensure delivery on time and to manage smart contracts in blockchain.

“Once the package is submitted to an airline, the airline or any other common carrier are not required to update the customer as to whether it made it to the flight. Barcode scanning is a common practice that allows each piece to be identified as it is loaded onto an airplane or truck. This allows the shipper access to a custom airline cargo portal and to check if the shipment has been taken to the destination.

Both of the current systems have two major problems. False positives are the most serious problem. False positives are the most common. This is because airlines and other common carriers will scan pieces to indicate that they were loaded onto a plane or truck. The piece can then be refused or left on the loading dock, or even unloaded. When the shipper logs in they will see that the shipment has been verified onboard. They can expect to retrieve it within one hour of the plane landing when it is removed from cargo. For a cross-country flight of five hours, there will be no delay or indication of error for six hours. After the piece has been found, it’s time to start pointing fingers. The departure airport calls the destination airport, claiming that the package has not arrived. Because it was scanned by the plane, the departure airport insists it is at the destination. The departure airport calls again insisting that it has not arrived. Finally, the departure terminal searches the dock for the item. After hours pass, the shipment still has not left its origin city. It must be transferred to another flight. Similar situations can be found for vehicle deliveries, when a package arrives by plane and is loaded onto a truck.

It is all too common for packages to be left unattended at departure airports. The wrong aircraft is another common but more expensive case. Airlines use a very manual organization and shelving system that requires little verification. Because they are located in the same cargo area, a package intended for Kansas could end up on a flight bound for Korea. This can cause delays of up to days. The associated costs for critical items such as an organ from a person or a part for a downed plane or machine can be substantial.

The second problem with relying upon airline on-boarding notifications is that they are closed systems that have very little control over the accuracy of the information. Each one works differently and has varying degrees of success. An electronic system for tracking critical organ deliveries will not work with all airlines or common carriers.

To ensure a closed supply chain, critical shipments have access to a reliable measure of take-off and landing to minimize delays in real time. These messages must be interfaced with complex shipment tracking systems in order to notify operators immediately if an error occurs. This will minimize downtime for the supply chain.

“The package’s location monitoring device attaches or within package locates Wi-Fi networks within range and sends them the router’s BSSID/MAC adress, report time and signal strength over wireless communication methods. The reported device data is sent to computer servers by API and computer databases with router-specific addresses. These MAC addresses can be matched through third-party mapping and location engines and other Wi-Fi Point-of-Interest databases (i.e. specific Wi-Fi BSSID/MAC Address of aircraft or close to runways) and collected Wi-Fi coordinate matching records to find a package’s or any other shipment’s’s. This helps to determine the package’s or any other shipment’s. With real-time Wi Fi network location intelligence data, accurate location capabilities can be combined with resource and supply chain management. This is possible at a lower cost and significantly less power consumption than traditional GPS tracking solutions. The accuracy of the data can also be significantly improved as one or more sources can be used to pinpoint a specific floor, room, warehouse, or aircraft’s wireless access points. Traditional GPS systems only report latitude and longitude coordinates.

“The system and method provide real time location with Wi-Fi signal Intelligence to determine the package?s location en route.”

The present invention improves the en route package exception reporting system and delivery processing for time-critical shipping. It is accessible to the global supply chains with a low-cost data reporting device that provides real-time location granularity for indoor and outdoor locations. This data can be integrated into an Internet-of-things (IoT), market-ready system with integration into enterprise management API’s, flight database servers and logistic carriers to exchange and process the en route location data between the electronic device contained in the package and third-s processing the data sent over wireless GSM transmissions. This is critical and advantageous for package shipments enroute or when the package is enclosed within an enroute (i.e. a truck dispatch center) or preflight indoor environments. It also improves upon prior arts that depend on GPS location in areas where GPS signals are blocked. Blocked GPS signals can be found in cargo holding areas, logistics service warehouses, and indoor transfer areas. This is one of many improvements to the prior art.

“Accordingly to the first embodiment of this invention, referring back to FIG. 1. The client device 11 contains a receiver 17 and a microcontroller (?MCU?) 20. A Bluetooth module 3, GSM module 6, and accelerometer 5. An accelerometer 5, Wi-Fi antenna 14 and 8 are included. 16. A lithium-free, or rechargeable battery 16, can be removed from the rest of the device 11. By pulling tab 2. The MCU 20 transmits and receives instructions from and to an accelerometer 5, GSM Module 6, Bluetooth Module 3, and Wi-Fi Receiver 17. An embedded SIM card 18 is also included in the device to allow for GSM transmissions to cell towers or cell carrier networks. Client device 11 has a WiFi antenna 14, which receives signals from nearby Wi-Fi access point 47 to the Wi-Fi receiver 17. A GSM antenna 8, which communicates with GSM towers 13 within the range of the client device, is also included. GSM signals received from a GSM network 12 can also be received by GSM antenna 8, and sent to GSM Module 6. Optional lithium-free primary battery 16 can be added to client device 11. This is for compliance with US FAA regulations as well as safety reasons in all other countries. An embedded SIM card 18 can be added to the client device 11. This allows the device to be identified for GSM and related carrier networks. Client device 11 can communicate with a mobile device 1 via Bluetooth protocol, using its Bluetooth module 3 or Bluetooth antenna 15. The client device 11 doesn’t store Wi-Fi information. It only detects WiFi signals and signal strength when it is required to transmit a location. This location is calculated by server 4. By looking up the WiFi location of an identified WiFi node in a databank. The device transmits the actual location and not a previous location.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the special-purpose computer server 4. 2 shows a schematic representation of the special purpose computer server 4. The server 4 contains in memory an access port and cell tower database 9, a flight plan database (or another common carrier database like a truck shipping databank 10), and a processor that is programmed for the server’s functions. In an alternate embodiment, the special purpose computer can communicate with a USSD Gateway 11 via SS7 signaling.

The device 11 is placed inside or on a box before shipment via truck, train and/or scheduled air. The device 11 is able to connect to Wi-Fi access points with different signal strengths along the route. It then sends the MAC address, SSID and names of those Wi-Fi access point encounters to one of four servers 4, which acts as a special-purpose computer. Servers 4 calculate a flight or transit plan using pickup time, location, flight, truck and train schedules from third-party sources. They also consider destination location and minimum delivery time in order to plan a route. The client device 11 can be programmed to turn itself on when power is available, such as when the battery 16 has been connected by pulling out a pull tab for power activation. The client device 11, which is programmed to process accelerometer data, which includes movement of the package, can optionally calculate when the client 11 vibrates in a pattern that indicates the aircraft’s engines are running. In this case the client 11 can turn off its GSM Module 6 to stop data transmission while the aircraft is flying. If there is no vibration pattern, the client 11 will turn on its GSM Module 6.

“When the GSM Module 6 is turned on, client device 11 periodically broadcasts via GSM Ant 8 Wi-Fi access points 47 data within client device 11, which is received by GSM cell towers 13, and then received by servers 4 via GSM Network 12. To determine if the device is where it is expected to be, the servers 4 compare the expected location to one or more WiFi access point 47 encounters. A notification is sent if the device’s location does not match that of an expected encounter time. This could be an alarm notification, an automated phone call to a number designated by the server, an alert to a third party sever or an e-mail or SMS message or any other interface to the user.

“The client device sends data to a GSM communication gateway 6 from its GSM transmission unit 6. This allows for a variety of short data transmission methods, including SMS short data messaging and USSD. USSD is one method. It is a short message format (typically 160 bytes or 182 characters), that uses less transmission power, allowing the device to last longer in international transport schedules and during extended shipping delays.

“FIG. “FIG. For example, the driver can use an app on his cell phone 1 to request a new package be picked up at a particular location. The driver is to attach or install the client device 11 (referred to herein by AirTrace tracker). It is to be placed in the box or onto it by self-adhesive attachment when it’s picked up.”

“In the first embodiment, the client device 11 includes a lithium or non-lithium battery (16), memory 6, an accelerometer 5, and a GSM module 6; a Wi-Fi receiver 17; and a microcontroller?MCU? 20. A Bluetooth module 3, Wi Fi antenna 14, GSM an 8 and an optional pull tab 2. This prevents the battery from draining until the driver pulls it to activate client device 11. The driver must ensure that the client device 11 included in the time-critical package has been fully charged. The plastic pull tab 2 serves as a switch that connects the batteries to the tracker circuit. The tab 2 cannot be removed so that the driver can verify that the client device 11 is fully charged and activated when the tab is pulled.

Non-lithium AAAA alkaline primaries batteries 16 can be substituted for rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Non-lithium batteries are safer for transport use and flight safety compliance. They also have a lower self discharge current, which allows for longer storage periods without losing power. A LED indicator on the device will let the user or driver know if it is ready for use once the device has turned ON. If the green light is on, it means that the battery level has been checked and that connectivity could be established over GSM networks. The driver phone 1 connects to the client device 11 using the Bluetooth modem. 17 reports the unique electronic ID number received from SIM card 18 via Bluetooth Module 3 signal. This allows for future location readings to be accurately associated with the package tracking information. AirTrace Server 4 reports the Tracker ID to be used by the driver or user’s mobile communication device, such as a cell-phone App.

“All communication between the client device 11 and AirTrace Services (i.e. the server), 4 takes place exclusively over the GSM Network 12, using USSD messages. GSM network wireless transmission technology can be distributed in most countries by wireless telecommunications carriers. This allows for package tracking in almost all countries.

“Transmission over GSM networks requires more energy than any other operation the device can perform. Power efficiency is dependent on knowing the best moment to transmit. Client device 11 has an accelerometer 5. This allows client device 11 detect movement and minor vibrations. The accelerometer 5 is used to stop client device 11 transmitting while it is moving. This is done by turning off GSM module 6. It prevents any transmissions from being made before the plane takes off or until the package has landed. Because the accelerometer 5 can detect vibrations from plane engines, no transmission is intended. When no vibrations are detected by GSM module 6, the client device 11 reports the location. An additional purpose for the accelerometer is to communicate with GSM radio module 6 to report the location of the package. The movement patterns of the accelerometer are detected to save power.

“Depending on the shipping route plan, AirTrace server4 may configure other modes of operation during shipment. If the shipment only requires truck transportation, the AirTrace server 4 can send a message to set up the device to report its position on a time sequence regardless of the accelerometer readings. This is the same for packages that require flight transport, but have already been flown and all other shipping is done by truck. A package that is delayed by customs for more than two days may be another example. In this case, the AirTrace server might instruct the device not to do anything for a certain period of time. This will save energy later.

“Once the MCU20 determines that a location must be reported, it requests that a Wi-Fi receiver scan nearby Wi-Fi access points. The Wi-Fi receiver will eventually provide a list with Wi-Fi access points. This includes each Wi-Fi address Mac Address, SSID and signal strength RSSI. The MCU 20 will order the Wi-Fi access point list by signal strength. Next, the GSM Module 6 will scan the GSM Cell tower 13 ID data points for additional or better location verification. The Wi-Fi access points 47 list and the supplemental GSM Cell Tower 13 data serve as location verification references points. These are available through the Wi-Fi Access Point 47 and cell tower 13 location databases 9. The MCU 20 will create a series of USSD messages that transmit the collected data in real-time to servers. Over the GSM network.”

AirTrace servers are able to receive reference points information and will compare it to Wi-Fi access points 47 and Cell Tower ID locations databases. If the location is not known, the server will attempt to triangulate the location of the device from multiple data sources and record it in the server.

“FIG. “FIG. The client device 11 can be associated 24 and reported to a shipment track application for a common carrier shipping program that can include truck shipment 30. Driver mobile phone 1 reports acceptance by the airline, common carrier truck shipper, or air carrier 25. The client device 11 reports 26. Optionally, an aircraft engine vibration can be detected 27. A flight tracking API service 31 can then be used to report or calculate the expected location of the package at different times. This includes at connecting airports, destinations airports, truck depots, and/or truck depots. The system listens for 28 AirTrace signals and, if it is received 29, the server calculates whether or not the device can be found at departure airport 30. If the system detects an AirTrace signal, operations are notified 31 of either a failure to board 32 (or a route deviation 31). The system will determine 29 whether the client device 11 signal was received if landing is detected 32. The system determines if the device is at the expected arrival airport 30. Operations is notified 33 by client device 11 arrival via server message if the device is located at expected arrival airport. If not, operations is notified 31 by operations of a likely route deviation, or shipment location exception.

“The device platform shown in FIG. “The device platform in FIG.

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) manages Bluetooth. It operates at frequencies between 2402 MHz and 2480MHz or 2400 MHz and 2483.5MHz with guard bands of 2 MHz at the bottom and 3.5 MHz at the top. Through the Bluetooth APIs, the system’s application framework allows access to Bluetooth functionality. This allows two devices to pair. These APIs allow applications to wirelessly connect with other Bluetooth devices. This allows for multipoint and point-to-point wireless features. For example, the Bluetooth APIs can be used to place a device in a package and allow it to connect to a Bluetooth receiver within range. It also allows the driver to share its ID and track location with the Bluetooth receiver while they are on their way to an airport or other POI. Bluetooth is a wireless connection that can be used to extend the battery life of your device. Bluetooth can be used in conjunction with or instead of Wi-Fi access points to transmit a unique ID to identify packages in transit and not yet at airports or POIs. The Bluetooth chip within the device, similar to Wi-Fi positioning can calculate distance based upon received signal strength from Bluetooth low energy signals emitted.

“Another embodiment uses the Bluetooth chip in the package communication device to associate a user or shipment with an attach tracking device. This includes receiving an indication that the tracker device is lost or stolen, setting a flag to indicate that it is missing, and receiving a location within close proximity to the tracker device from one or more mobile devices associated to a community of users. The location is then provided to the user to aid tracking the location reported by Bluetooth chip and associated firmware.

The system and method of invention allow for Bluetooth module and connection protocols to assimilate wireless device and their unique device ID to communicate with third party computer servers. Drivers can also confirm pickup via mobile app or API. This allows them to access a mobile application running on their smartphone or tablet to request instructions to connect the device to the driver. A new package must be accepted for delivery. The driver must ship, accept, and start package delivery steps according to a scheduled schedule immediately. To do this, they activate the power-on pull tab and verify that the connection is over GSM.

From that point forward, all communication between the client device 11 and server 4 takes place exclusively over the GSM network 12. GSM network 12 allows for package tracking in nearly every country. Gateway 11 is a gateway that manages data messages from the device. It is managed by the telecommunication company which provides the SIM Card 18 and other network connection transmission protocol.

“Transmission over GSM network 12 requires more energy than any other operation the device can perform. Power efficiency is dependent on the precise moment at which to transmit. The tracking device 11 has an accelerometer module 5, with firmware embedded, that allows MCU20 to detect and process data from activity, even minor vibrations, and other movements. The accelerometer 5 can then be used for one or more of the following steps:

“FIG. “FIG.4” is a flowchart of the server operation. When an order is received, the process begins at 34. The server searches 36 common carrier scheduling databases, such as the example flight schedules. It calculates 37 pickup location and time of pickup, route plans, delivery times, and delivery locations. 38 pickup confirmations are received from the driver’s device or mobile phone. The server then receives 39 WiFi data via GSM and calculates 40 real location 11 using Wi-Fi data. This data is compared with a Wi-Fi access table. 41 of the actual locations at the time, TX, is used to create route plans time-locations. For shipments that involve drivers using mobile phones or computing devices 1, the system might also consider the GPS location of the driver 1 or communication device to determine if a driver has misrepresented that a package was picked. 42 is used to determine if the location of the client device 11 matches the route plan location. The system sends 43 a notice about route deviation. If so, 44 calculates whether the client 11 was delivered to the planned or expected location. When the device is found at the intended location, the process ends 45.

“FIG. “FIG. If the device is moving but does not persist for a set number 53 of readings, the MCU or client server can program the RF to turn on or off. 54. After waiting a pre-determined amount of minutes, the GSM module toggles to ON or OFF. 56. If the device is moving as indicated by the accelerometer reading 56, another reading of the accelerometer is taken. 57. The location is reported 58. The still counter may be increased to 59 if the device fails to remain still after the predetermined number of accelerometer readings. A second accelerometer reading may also be taken after a few seconds, or at other intervals.

“FIG. “FIG. After sending the Wi Fi access point information to MCU, the GSM module is toggled ON and a request is made for cell tower identification information 63, the Wi-Fi module will be turned off. The device module then defines messages to be transmitted, including cell tower information. It transmits this information via USSD channel 77. The report location requested 61 may include the system’s Microcontroller, which is further programmed to transmit via GSM radio modul only after the accelerometer described in FIG. 5 detects movement, and then the microcontroller of the device performs a comparison to the last Wi-Fi receiver access points. This is done by the Wi-Fi receiver and determines a change in the Wi-Fi access point(s).

“The flow chart in FIG. 6. can access internet databases such as the FAA flight logs and third-party carrier transportation databases such as FlightAware? OAG Flightview or Flightlog? OAG Flightview?

“The flowchart of FIG. The flow chart of FIG. 7 shows an example diagram of the method steps, and 64 of smart contract implementation. This method illustrates how the computer server and client device 76 described in this article may be implemented. It also includes the location and temperature reporting required in blockchain technology and a database system 65 remote to the client device. Smart contract interactions are associated with a single package shipment 66 that is transported by truck or aircraft.

“The blockchain technology and the method described herein can be used to compare data transmitted from the small-form client device. The temperature data, which is reported by the thermometer 67 as a temperature reporting sensor, location by access points, and their signal strength, are received by the device Wi-Fi receiver 17. This data is transmitted by GSM radio protocol 6 to transmit it to microcontroller module 72. It can then be recorded, shared, and managed in a distributed ledger.

“FIG. “FIG. FIG. 7 shows the method. FIG. 7 shows the method of FIG. After receiving information from Wi-Fi antenna 8, along with temperature and movement data from accelerometer 67, the data is transmitted by GSM radio module 6. This data can be compared in Wi-Fi Access Point Location Database 68, which can also interface with the Blockchain Database for trade via smart contract 75. The location and data results are stored by the special computer server 71 that performs the operation. This method does not store data in clients devices for later retrieval. It gives remote access via blockchain to all parcel shipment parties. The blockchain technology method provides remote permission-based access to the complete location, ownership, temperature, and data reports.

“So long as client device 76 meets the terms of smart contract 70, smart contract 70 can execute an agreement between client 11 and distributed ledger.69 and remote special computer server 71.1 will provide access to the Blockchain database 65 data stream. A permission-less model allows the device 65 to access the blockchain database 65 and record, access, and make use of real-time device data stream 72 from client device. This data stream can be used to include Wi-Fi receiver information 17 and may not have a relationship with distributed ledger 69.

“In FIG. “In FIG.7, the term “blockchain” is used. 7. The term ‘blockchain? refers to data that is reported from client devices and that is transmitted to and received by special purpose computer server (71), blockchain storage module 65 and smart contract 70. A blockchain, in general, is a distributed database that keeps a continually-growing list client device data records that are hardened against tampering, revision, and includes data structure??blocks? Optionally, executables or programs. A block can contain information and a timestamp linking it to another block. Blockchains are blocks that have time stamped batches with valid data. Each block can contain the hash of the previous block, which links them together. A hash function to increase security. It may also be used to verify the authenticity of an entry in a block. This innovative method addresses a problem in traditional industry practice by adding something that the logistics industry was not able to achieve by using prior methods. Blockchain access to package shipment trackable owner location and related telemetry data via client device interaction methods can be used to compute and compare in the device microcontroller Module 73. The reported data can then be sent by GSM radio module with blockchain technology to a second remote computer server.

Wi-Fi signals are faster, more precise, and less expensive than using GPS or cell towers. These databases can be manually updated to add new or private Wi?Fi addresses. They can also include Wi-Fi routing data to reveal an aircraft’s location. This can be used to verify a Point of Interest area, such as an airport, terminal floor or zone, Wi-Fi connection or Wi-Fi router, or warehouse floor, or room, or Wi-Fi points that are adjacent to flight runway area, or aircraft shipment loading area(s).

An optional database library is available for indoor use. It allows both manual entry as well as machine learning. This database can be linked to historical Wi-Fi access points (BSSID/MAC addresses), and linked to a specific latitude or longitude. The database can also store data about a room, floor, or other location (e.g., United aircraft 33, JFK Airport terminal 3). This library allows indoor positioning of airports, aircrafts, and warehouses using its Wi-Fi fingerprint database and manually entered data points. Additional fingerprints can also be obtained from public and private Wi Fi hotspot databases. These are stored in a database that includes time stamps for each Wi Fi hotspot and correlating mobile device location data to Wi-Fi hotspot addresses and other recorded data.

The system uses one additional Wi-Fi signal from an attached client device to report the location of the package. It is within the range of accuracy. Cell-ID location data can be used to augment or supplement this information. Cellular tower networks are used to report the location (GSM, CDMA and 3G, LTE, LTE-M1, 5G, LTE-M1, NNB-IoT, and all other operators around the globe). The Wi-Fi system and method listens only for signals and doesn’t attempt to transmit or connect to wireless Wi-Fi networks. These techniques can be combined to improve the system’s accuracy.

The web services API allows applications to submit via HTTP or SMS message formats. Applications can also include a WiFi access point identifier, signal strength, indoor location data, and an optional confidence radius. To increase location confidence and reporting, the same data can be used to report a cell number or cell tower identifier.

“The GSM message transmissions from the package-positioning devices can be enhanced to include high-grade, proven cryptography targeting small form factors and building on that additional security service such as device identification management. This cryptography can be integrated into smart baggage tags, connecting them to airport enterprise applications through a secure M2M/IoT cloud app. It addresses IATA 753 airline industry standard, but also addresses airport concerns regarding the security of smart baggage tag trackers and the possibility of creating millions of mobile hackable endpoints.

“Incorporating Blockchain in conjunction with the IoT enabled Sensor Device attached to or placed inside packages can increase real-time ownership of package shipments and track their location. This allows AirTrace Service to become part of a distributed standard.

The blockchain technology can be used to add and share data from any device attached to an object that is being transported. This data can include trackable ownership, possession and locations, as well as telemetry parameters like temperature, shock, and accelerometer data. Because the blockchain creates an immutable, distributed ledger that cannot be hacked, the final buyer can view the complete record and can trust that it is accurate and complete. Blockchain allows for additional streams of real time data to improve analytics and patterns. Parties with AirTrace Services can receive, record, and share data from devices with GSM sensor data reporting. This includes location and other embedded sensor information such as the accelerometer with internal thermometer. Multiple data telemetry can then be shared with trust and completeness. This system allows for chain of custody to be established independently of the shipment to verify and manage ownership and travel of a package. Smart contracts can also be used to trade and transfer packages.

“The invention’s special feature is its ability to determine whether a device location at different times matches the expected locations at that time. A second special feature is how the device uses vibration from aircraft engines or truck movements to turn off its GSM module. This saves power and allows the device to comply with aviation regulations.

“Overall, the device and system include computer assisted server, device vibration, movement data listening, processing, and location determination methods to temporarily prevent in-flight Radio transmission with transmission deactivation techniques designed to comply with regulations and restrictions that were in effect since 2003, when the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), placed restrictions on mobile communication aboard aircrafts during flight to ensure aviation safety and avoid interference with aircraft avionics. This is an automated computer-implemented approach to what airlines require passengers do to activate their mobile devices in ‘airplane mode’. Before or during flight, text telephony must be turned off in order to comply with flight safety regulations. Truck shipment: The device and system depend on the accelerometer to detect movement of the package and to turn on or off transmissions as necessary. This maximizes power conservation and reports by GSM radio module only when instructed or programmed according to accelerometer movement parameters.

A Package, as it is defined, is a package that contains something and is wrapped, boxed, or packed. A Package can be a single parcel or a container such as a case or box in which something is packed for goods, freight, and logistics transport. You can also find a finished product in a unit, which can be ready for immediate installation or operation as an aircraft, replacement part, or any other critical component. It can also contain items for medical and pharmaceutical transport.

The term USSD (Unstructured Substitute Service Data) refers to a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology that allows text messages between a mobile phone (and an application program) and the network. Some applications may offer prepaid roaming and location reporting. USSD is similar in function to Short Messaging Service, (SMS). USSD transactions are only possible during the session, unlike SMS. SMS allows message scan to be sent to a mobile device and stored for several days, if it is not in range or activated. USSD is supported by Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). The GSM standard documents GSM 02/90 and GSM 03/90 define USSD.

Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows computers to communicate with each other over a wireless signal. It refers to network components that are based upon one of the 802.11 standards created by IEEE and adopted the Wi-Fi Alliance. In chronological order, these are examples of Wi-Fi standards: 80211.a. 80211b. 80211g. 80211n. 80211n. and 80211n.

Wi-Fi is the most common way that computers connect to wireless networks. Wi-Fi chips are used by most wireless communication devices to enable them to discover and find wireless routers. Many mobile devices can connect to wireless networks. A device can connect to a Wi-Fi router when it establishes a WiFi connection. A Wi-Fi hotspot is a device that connects to a Wi-Fi router. The Wi-Fi (802.11) wireless connection point’s geographic boundary. A hotspot is typically set up to allow Internet access. Any device that enters the hotspot can see the access point within range. They can also advertise their presence (beaconing). Authorization is not required.

GSM is a TDMA-based wireless network technology. GSM phones use a SIM card to identify their account. GSM network users can move their phone identity between GSM devices by using the SIM card. Most GSM networks currently operate on the frequency bands 850 MHz to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz to 1900 MHz.

SIM (subscriber identity module) or Subscriber Identification Module (SLM) refers to an integrated circuit designed to store subscriber ID (international mobile subscriber number) and its key. These numbers are used to authenticate and identify subscribers using mobile telephony devices such as mobile phones and GSM. The SIM circuit is part the Universal integrated Circuit Card’s (UICC) function. ?SIM cards? SIM cards can be either separate cards or virtual circuit card and can be transferred physically or electronically (e.g. by Internet database). The SIM card’s unique serial number (ICCID), international subscriber ID (IMSI), security authentication, and ciphering information are all contained in it.

The term USSD Gateway refers to a session-based protocol. USSD messages are sent over GSM signaling channels. They can be used to query information or trigger services. USSD establishes an instant session between the mobile device and the application that is handling the service.

The core signaling/control protocol used in fixed and mobile networks is called SS7 Signaling. The SS7 network is an interconnected network of elements that are used to exchange messages for support of telecommunications functions.

“The above-mentioned structural and functional description will help those who are skilled in the art to see that the disclosed systems and methods may also be described as a method, a data processing system, or a computer program device, such as a nontransitory computerreadable medium. These portions of the approach described herein can be either an entirely hardware embodiment or a completely software embodiment (e.g. in a nontransitory machine-readable medium) or a combination of both software and hardware. A portion of the disclosed systems and methods may also be computer program products on computer-usable storage media with computer readable code. You can use any computer-readable medium, including hard drives, optical storage devices and magnetic storage devices.

“Certain embodiments are also described in this document with reference to block illustrations, including methods, systems and computer program products. Computer-executable instructions can be used to execute blocks and combinations of blocks within the illustrations. These computer-executable commands can be given to one or more processors on a general purpose or special purpose computer or to any other programmable data processor apparatus (or combination of devices or circuits) in order to create a machine. The instructions which execute via one or more processors will implement the functions listed in the block.

These computer-executable instructions can also be stored in computer readable memory. They can be used to direct a computer, or other programmable device, to perform a specific function. The instructions stored in the memory result in an article or manufacture that implements the function described in the flowchart blocks. Computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer, or another programmable data processor apparatus, to cause a series or operations to be performed on the machine or other programmable apparatus in order to create a computer-implemented process. The instructions that execute on the machine or other programmeable apparatus provide steps to implement the functions described in the flowchart blocks.

“The present invention is therefore well-suited to achieve the goals and attain the benefits and ends mentioned as well as other inherent features. Although the invention has been described and illustrated, it is not intended to limit the invention. The invention is therefore intended to be limited only in accordance with the appended claims. This includes full cognizance of all equivalents.

Summary for “Blockchain system, method and algorithm for calculating the location of time-crucial shipment according to expectation and smart contract”

“This invention is related to logistics systems and methods. The invention is particularly concerned with systems and methods for tracking the location of packages en route from shipping locations to destination locations. It also covers systems and methods to notify the shipper, recipient or designated third parties if there are any problems with shipment, such as delays in flight or truck or mishandled package.

Sometimes next-day shipping is not fast enough for customers who need a replacement part on an assembly line, a part for an airplane that’s out of commission, or a part to ship a human organ across the continent. Tissue samples, bone marrow, and eyes for transplants require next flight out speed. The shipper and recipient will either use a private logistics service, commercial airline carrier, charter flight or Next Flight Out (NFO), delivery service to transport the package. This is because time is critical. Other cases, the parties might choose to use one or more of the common carriers to transport the package, from pick-up to delivery, such as trains, planes, trucks, and/or trucks that follow a specific schedule.

Amazon, Wal-Mart and Federal Express offer same-day delivery to certain areas. These services can be reliable, and they offer tracking services. However, sometimes mistakes occur during shipment. For example, a package might miss a flight, or a truck may delay due to weather conditions, accident, or traffic conditions. Therefore, for highly time-sensitive shipments like the ones mentioned above, it is necessary to have extremely precise tracking systems and methods that are better than state-of-the-art methods.

The present invention addresses this need and other ones that will be apparent from the following disclosures and drawings. In one aspect, the system comprises a client device, which is designed to receive Wi-Fi signals from Wi-Fi access points and communicate data to one or multiple servers via. GSM wireless transmission protocol; one or several servers configured to receive data via GSM and to receive schedule information from a common carrier, which includes a scheduled airline/truck tracking service; one or two servers that program to determine the location of the device at a particular time by comparing data received from it to a database of Wi?Fi access point locations. The one or multiple servers that program to compare the location to a scheduled location based on data received from the common carrier tracking or reporting service.

“Another aspect of the invention is a method for locating a package at a time. This involves comparing data received via GSM protocol by the client device to an identification data set from Wi-Fi access points to a known position of each Wi-Fi point to a scheduled place obtained from a common carrier track service. The schedule location can then be used to calculate whether the device is in the designated location. Another aspect of the method is to signal an alarm if the client device cannot be located according to the planned location. The device will then report the last known location based on the GSM protocol data. A further aspect of the method involves reporting the received signal strength from one or several Wi-Fi access points as well as the time it was received. A GSM communication gateway may allow for two types of messages to be sent, USSD and SMS.

The system can take battery-saving decisions based on many factors in the supply chain. A system with additional information about location availability and route delays based upon flight or truck schedules can automatically adjust the frequency of location updates to save power. The system can also increase frequency or modify modes to improve supply chain compliance, or gain additional information about shipment location and environment.

“Another aspect of the invention is a blockchain method of determining whether a time-critical shipment is located according a expectation. This includes: receiving from the WiFi receiver client device identification data from one or more nearby WiFi access points; measuring, by WiFi receiver, signal strength information of the one or two nearby WiFi access points; transmitting, via the GSM radio modul, the received data and considered signal strength data when movement of the accelerometer is detected; computing, by remote special computer, the location of the shared with real-time ownership of package shipments;

“Some embodiments include reporting device data that is based on temperature or movement or chain of custody data. This allows shipment data to be transferred to the blockchain or traded according smart contracts.

“With the emergence of Next Flight Out (NFO), an air transportation market for critical cargo shipments, when time is of critical importance logistically, shipments must be delivered within hours and not days. Planning the best flight path, being able react to exception reporting with confirmations about the location and temperature, chain custody, and reporting of every shipment at any time, anywhere in the world, is crucial to ensure delivery on time and to manage smart contracts in blockchain.

“Once the package is submitted to an airline, the airline or any other common carrier are not required to update the customer as to whether it made it to the flight. Barcode scanning is a common practice that allows each piece to be identified as it is loaded onto an airplane or truck. This allows the shipper access to a custom airline cargo portal and to check if the shipment has been taken to the destination.

Both of the current systems have two major problems. False positives are the most serious problem. False positives are the most common. This is because airlines and other common carriers will scan pieces to indicate that they were loaded onto a plane or truck. The piece can then be refused or left on the loading dock, or even unloaded. When the shipper logs in they will see that the shipment has been verified onboard. They can expect to retrieve it within one hour of the plane landing when it is removed from cargo. For a cross-country flight of five hours, there will be no delay or indication of error for six hours. After the piece has been found, it’s time to start pointing fingers. The departure airport calls the destination airport, claiming that the package has not arrived. Because it was scanned by the plane, the departure airport insists it is at the destination. The departure airport calls again insisting that it has not arrived. Finally, the departure terminal searches the dock for the item. After hours pass, the shipment still has not left its origin city. It must be transferred to another flight. Similar situations can be found for vehicle deliveries, when a package arrives by plane and is loaded onto a truck.

It is all too common for packages to be left unattended at departure airports. The wrong aircraft is another common but more expensive case. Airlines use a very manual organization and shelving system that requires little verification. Because they are located in the same cargo area, a package intended for Kansas could end up on a flight bound for Korea. This can cause delays of up to days. The associated costs for critical items such as an organ from a person or a part for a downed plane or machine can be substantial.

The second problem with relying upon airline on-boarding notifications is that they are closed systems that have very little control over the accuracy of the information. Each one works differently and has varying degrees of success. An electronic system for tracking critical organ deliveries will not work with all airlines or common carriers.

To ensure a closed supply chain, critical shipments have access to a reliable measure of take-off and landing to minimize delays in real time. These messages must be interfaced with complex shipment tracking systems in order to notify operators immediately if an error occurs. This will minimize downtime for the supply chain.

“The package’s location monitoring device attaches or within package locates Wi-Fi networks within range and sends them the router’s BSSID/MAC adress, report time and signal strength over wireless communication methods. The reported device data is sent to computer servers by API and computer databases with router-specific addresses. These MAC addresses can be matched through third-party mapping and location engines and other Wi-Fi Point-of-Interest databases (i.e. specific Wi-Fi BSSID/MAC Address of aircraft or close to runways) and collected Wi-Fi coordinate matching records to find a package’s or any other shipment’s’s. This helps to determine the package’s or any other shipment’s. With real-time Wi Fi network location intelligence data, accurate location capabilities can be combined with resource and supply chain management. This is possible at a lower cost and significantly less power consumption than traditional GPS tracking solutions. The accuracy of the data can also be significantly improved as one or more sources can be used to pinpoint a specific floor, room, warehouse, or aircraft’s wireless access points. Traditional GPS systems only report latitude and longitude coordinates.

“The system and method provide real time location with Wi-Fi signal Intelligence to determine the package?s location en route.”

The present invention improves the en route package exception reporting system and delivery processing for time-critical shipping. It is accessible to the global supply chains with a low-cost data reporting device that provides real-time location granularity for indoor and outdoor locations. This data can be integrated into an Internet-of-things (IoT), market-ready system with integration into enterprise management API’s, flight database servers and logistic carriers to exchange and process the en route location data between the electronic device contained in the package and third-s processing the data sent over wireless GSM transmissions. This is critical and advantageous for package shipments enroute or when the package is enclosed within an enroute (i.e. a truck dispatch center) or preflight indoor environments. It also improves upon prior arts that depend on GPS location in areas where GPS signals are blocked. Blocked GPS signals can be found in cargo holding areas, logistics service warehouses, and indoor transfer areas. This is one of many improvements to the prior art.

“Accordingly to the first embodiment of this invention, referring back to FIG. 1. The client device 11 contains a receiver 17 and a microcontroller (?MCU?) 20. A Bluetooth module 3, GSM module 6, and accelerometer 5. An accelerometer 5, Wi-Fi antenna 14 and 8 are included. 16. A lithium-free, or rechargeable battery 16, can be removed from the rest of the device 11. By pulling tab 2. The MCU 20 transmits and receives instructions from and to an accelerometer 5, GSM Module 6, Bluetooth Module 3, and Wi-Fi Receiver 17. An embedded SIM card 18 is also included in the device to allow for GSM transmissions to cell towers or cell carrier networks. Client device 11 has a WiFi antenna 14, which receives signals from nearby Wi-Fi access point 47 to the Wi-Fi receiver 17. A GSM antenna 8, which communicates with GSM towers 13 within the range of the client device, is also included. GSM signals received from a GSM network 12 can also be received by GSM antenna 8, and sent to GSM Module 6. Optional lithium-free primary battery 16 can be added to client device 11. This is for compliance with US FAA regulations as well as safety reasons in all other countries. An embedded SIM card 18 can be added to the client device 11. This allows the device to be identified for GSM and related carrier networks. Client device 11 can communicate with a mobile device 1 via Bluetooth protocol, using its Bluetooth module 3 or Bluetooth antenna 15. The client device 11 doesn’t store Wi-Fi information. It only detects WiFi signals and signal strength when it is required to transmit a location. This location is calculated by server 4. By looking up the WiFi location of an identified WiFi node in a databank. The device transmits the actual location and not a previous location.

FIG. 4 shows a schematic representation of the special-purpose computer server 4. 2 shows a schematic representation of the special purpose computer server 4. The server 4 contains in memory an access port and cell tower database 9, a flight plan database (or another common carrier database like a truck shipping databank 10), and a processor that is programmed for the server’s functions. In an alternate embodiment, the special purpose computer can communicate with a USSD Gateway 11 via SS7 signaling.

The device 11 is placed inside or on a box before shipment via truck, train and/or scheduled air. The device 11 is able to connect to Wi-Fi access points with different signal strengths along the route. It then sends the MAC address, SSID and names of those Wi-Fi access point encounters to one of four servers 4, which acts as a special-purpose computer. Servers 4 calculate a flight or transit plan using pickup time, location, flight, truck and train schedules from third-party sources. They also consider destination location and minimum delivery time in order to plan a route. The client device 11 can be programmed to turn itself on when power is available, such as when the battery 16 has been connected by pulling out a pull tab for power activation. The client device 11, which is programmed to process accelerometer data, which includes movement of the package, can optionally calculate when the client 11 vibrates in a pattern that indicates the aircraft’s engines are running. In this case the client 11 can turn off its GSM Module 6 to stop data transmission while the aircraft is flying. If there is no vibration pattern, the client 11 will turn on its GSM Module 6.

“When the GSM Module 6 is turned on, client device 11 periodically broadcasts via GSM Ant 8 Wi-Fi access points 47 data within client device 11, which is received by GSM cell towers 13, and then received by servers 4 via GSM Network 12. To determine if the device is where it is expected to be, the servers 4 compare the expected location to one or more WiFi access point 47 encounters. A notification is sent if the device’s location does not match that of an expected encounter time. This could be an alarm notification, an automated phone call to a number designated by the server, an alert to a third party sever or an e-mail or SMS message or any other interface to the user.

“The client device sends data to a GSM communication gateway 6 from its GSM transmission unit 6. This allows for a variety of short data transmission methods, including SMS short data messaging and USSD. USSD is one method. It is a short message format (typically 160 bytes or 182 characters), that uses less transmission power, allowing the device to last longer in international transport schedules and during extended shipping delays.

“FIG. “FIG. For example, the driver can use an app on his cell phone 1 to request a new package be picked up at a particular location. The driver is to attach or install the client device 11 (referred to herein by AirTrace tracker). It is to be placed in the box or onto it by self-adhesive attachment when it’s picked up.”

“In the first embodiment, the client device 11 includes a lithium or non-lithium battery (16), memory 6, an accelerometer 5, and a GSM module 6; a Wi-Fi receiver 17; and a microcontroller?MCU? 20. A Bluetooth module 3, Wi Fi antenna 14, GSM an 8 and an optional pull tab 2. This prevents the battery from draining until the driver pulls it to activate client device 11. The driver must ensure that the client device 11 included in the time-critical package has been fully charged. The plastic pull tab 2 serves as a switch that connects the batteries to the tracker circuit. The tab 2 cannot be removed so that the driver can verify that the client device 11 is fully charged and activated when the tab is pulled.

Non-lithium AAAA alkaline primaries batteries 16 can be substituted for rechargeable lithium-ion battery. Non-lithium batteries are safer for transport use and flight safety compliance. They also have a lower self discharge current, which allows for longer storage periods without losing power. A LED indicator on the device will let the user or driver know if it is ready for use once the device has turned ON. If the green light is on, it means that the battery level has been checked and that connectivity could be established over GSM networks. The driver phone 1 connects to the client device 11 using the Bluetooth modem. 17 reports the unique electronic ID number received from SIM card 18 via Bluetooth Module 3 signal. This allows for future location readings to be accurately associated with the package tracking information. AirTrace Server 4 reports the Tracker ID to be used by the driver or user’s mobile communication device, such as a cell-phone App.

“All communication between the client device 11 and AirTrace Services (i.e. the server), 4 takes place exclusively over the GSM Network 12, using USSD messages. GSM network wireless transmission technology can be distributed in most countries by wireless telecommunications carriers. This allows for package tracking in almost all countries.

“Transmission over GSM networks requires more energy than any other operation the device can perform. Power efficiency is dependent on knowing the best moment to transmit. Client device 11 has an accelerometer 5. This allows client device 11 detect movement and minor vibrations. The accelerometer 5 is used to stop client device 11 transmitting while it is moving. This is done by turning off GSM module 6. It prevents any transmissions from being made before the plane takes off or until the package has landed. Because the accelerometer 5 can detect vibrations from plane engines, no transmission is intended. When no vibrations are detected by GSM module 6, the client device 11 reports the location. An additional purpose for the accelerometer is to communicate with GSM radio module 6 to report the location of the package. The movement patterns of the accelerometer are detected to save power.

“Depending on the shipping route plan, AirTrace server4 may configure other modes of operation during shipment. If the shipment only requires truck transportation, the AirTrace server 4 can send a message to set up the device to report its position on a time sequence regardless of the accelerometer readings. This is the same for packages that require flight transport, but have already been flown and all other shipping is done by truck. A package that is delayed by customs for more than two days may be another example. In this case, the AirTrace server might instruct the device not to do anything for a certain period of time. This will save energy later.

“Once the MCU20 determines that a location must be reported, it requests that a Wi-Fi receiver scan nearby Wi-Fi access points. The Wi-Fi receiver will eventually provide a list with Wi-Fi access points. This includes each Wi-Fi address Mac Address, SSID and signal strength RSSI. The MCU 20 will order the Wi-Fi access point list by signal strength. Next, the GSM Module 6 will scan the GSM Cell tower 13 ID data points for additional or better location verification. The Wi-Fi access points 47 list and the supplemental GSM Cell Tower 13 data serve as location verification references points. These are available through the Wi-Fi Access Point 47 and cell tower 13 location databases 9. The MCU 20 will create a series of USSD messages that transmit the collected data in real-time to servers. Over the GSM network.”

AirTrace servers are able to receive reference points information and will compare it to Wi-Fi access points 47 and Cell Tower ID locations databases. If the location is not known, the server will attempt to triangulate the location of the device from multiple data sources and record it in the server.

“FIG. “FIG. The client device 11 can be associated 24 and reported to a shipment track application for a common carrier shipping program that can include truck shipment 30. Driver mobile phone 1 reports acceptance by the airline, common carrier truck shipper, or air carrier 25. The client device 11 reports 26. Optionally, an aircraft engine vibration can be detected 27. A flight tracking API service 31 can then be used to report or calculate the expected location of the package at different times. This includes at connecting airports, destinations airports, truck depots, and/or truck depots. The system listens for 28 AirTrace signals and, if it is received 29, the server calculates whether or not the device can be found at departure airport 30. If the system detects an AirTrace signal, operations are notified 31 of either a failure to board 32 (or a route deviation 31). The system will determine 29 whether the client device 11 signal was received if landing is detected 32. The system determines if the device is at the expected arrival airport 30. Operations is notified 33 by client device 11 arrival via server message if the device is located at expected arrival airport. If not, operations is notified 31 by operations of a likely route deviation, or shipment location exception.

“The device platform shown in FIG. “The device platform in FIG.

The Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) manages Bluetooth. It operates at frequencies between 2402 MHz and 2480MHz or 2400 MHz and 2483.5MHz with guard bands of 2 MHz at the bottom and 3.5 MHz at the top. Through the Bluetooth APIs, the system’s application framework allows access to Bluetooth functionality. This allows two devices to pair. These APIs allow applications to wirelessly connect with other Bluetooth devices. This allows for multipoint and point-to-point wireless features. For example, the Bluetooth APIs can be used to place a device in a package and allow it to connect to a Bluetooth receiver within range. It also allows the driver to share its ID and track location with the Bluetooth receiver while they are on their way to an airport or other POI. Bluetooth is a wireless connection that can be used to extend the battery life of your device. Bluetooth can be used in conjunction with or instead of Wi-Fi access points to transmit a unique ID to identify packages in transit and not yet at airports or POIs. The Bluetooth chip within the device, similar to Wi-Fi positioning can calculate distance based upon received signal strength from Bluetooth low energy signals emitted.

“Another embodiment uses the Bluetooth chip in the package communication device to associate a user or shipment with an attach tracking device. This includes receiving an indication that the tracker device is lost or stolen, setting a flag to indicate that it is missing, and receiving a location within close proximity to the tracker device from one or more mobile devices associated to a community of users. The location is then provided to the user to aid tracking the location reported by Bluetooth chip and associated firmware.

The system and method of invention allow for Bluetooth module and connection protocols to assimilate wireless device and their unique device ID to communicate with third party computer servers. Drivers can also confirm pickup via mobile app or API. This allows them to access a mobile application running on their smartphone or tablet to request instructions to connect the device to the driver. A new package must be accepted for delivery. The driver must ship, accept, and start package delivery steps according to a scheduled schedule immediately. To do this, they activate the power-on pull tab and verify that the connection is over GSM.

From that point forward, all communication between the client device 11 and server 4 takes place exclusively over the GSM network 12. GSM network 12 allows for package tracking in nearly every country. Gateway 11 is a gateway that manages data messages from the device. It is managed by the telecommunication company which provides the SIM Card 18 and other network connection transmission protocol.

“Transmission over GSM network 12 requires more energy than any other operation the device can perform. Power efficiency is dependent on the precise moment at which to transmit. The tracking device 11 has an accelerometer module 5, with firmware embedded, that allows MCU20 to detect and process data from activity, even minor vibrations, and other movements. The accelerometer 5 can then be used for one or more of the following steps:

“FIG. “FIG.4” is a flowchart of the server operation. When an order is received, the process begins at 34. The server searches 36 common carrier scheduling databases, such as the example flight schedules. It calculates 37 pickup location and time of pickup, route plans, delivery times, and delivery locations. 38 pickup confirmations are received from the driver’s device or mobile phone. The server then receives 39 WiFi data via GSM and calculates 40 real location 11 using Wi-Fi data. This data is compared with a Wi-Fi access table. 41 of the actual locations at the time, TX, is used to create route plans time-locations. For shipments that involve drivers using mobile phones or computing devices 1, the system might also consider the GPS location of the driver 1 or communication device to determine if a driver has misrepresented that a package was picked. 42 is used to determine if the location of the client device 11 matches the route plan location. The system sends 43 a notice about route deviation. If so, 44 calculates whether the client 11 was delivered to the planned or expected location. When the device is found at the intended location, the process ends 45.

“FIG. “FIG. If the device is moving but does not persist for a set number 53 of readings, the MCU or client server can program the RF to turn on or off. 54. After waiting a pre-determined amount of minutes, the GSM module toggles to ON or OFF. 56. If the device is moving as indicated by the accelerometer reading 56, another reading of the accelerometer is taken. 57. The location is reported 58. The still counter may be increased to 59 if the device fails to remain still after the predetermined number of accelerometer readings. A second accelerometer reading may also be taken after a few seconds, or at other intervals.

“FIG. “FIG. After sending the Wi Fi access point information to MCU, the GSM module is toggled ON and a request is made for cell tower identification information 63, the Wi-Fi module will be turned off. The device module then defines messages to be transmitted, including cell tower information. It transmits this information via USSD channel 77. The report location requested 61 may include the system’s Microcontroller, which is further programmed to transmit via GSM radio modul only after the accelerometer described in FIG. 5 detects movement, and then the microcontroller of the device performs a comparison to the last Wi-Fi receiver access points. This is done by the Wi-Fi receiver and determines a change in the Wi-Fi access point(s).

“The flow chart in FIG. 6. can access internet databases such as the FAA flight logs and third-party carrier transportation databases such as FlightAware? OAG Flightview or Flightlog? OAG Flightview?

“The flowchart of FIG. The flow chart of FIG. 7 shows an example diagram of the method steps, and 64 of smart contract implementation. This method illustrates how the computer server and client device 76 described in this article may be implemented. It also includes the location and temperature reporting required in blockchain technology and a database system 65 remote to the client device. Smart contract interactions are associated with a single package shipment 66 that is transported by truck or aircraft.

“The blockchain technology and the method described herein can be used to compare data transmitted from the small-form client device. The temperature data, which is reported by the thermometer 67 as a temperature reporting sensor, location by access points, and their signal strength, are received by the device Wi-Fi receiver 17. This data is transmitted by GSM radio protocol 6 to transmit it to microcontroller module 72. It can then be recorded, shared, and managed in a distributed ledger.

“FIG. “FIG. FIG. 7 shows the method. FIG. 7 shows the method of FIG. After receiving information from Wi-Fi antenna 8, along with temperature and movement data from accelerometer 67, the data is transmitted by GSM radio module 6. This data can be compared in Wi-Fi Access Point Location Database 68, which can also interface with the Blockchain Database for trade via smart contract 75. The location and data results are stored by the special computer server 71 that performs the operation. This method does not store data in clients devices for later retrieval. It gives remote access via blockchain to all parcel shipment parties. The blockchain technology method provides remote permission-based access to the complete location, ownership, temperature, and data reports.

“So long as client device 76 meets the terms of smart contract 70, smart contract 70 can execute an agreement between client 11 and distributed ledger.69 and remote special computer server 71.1 will provide access to the Blockchain database 65 data stream. A permission-less model allows the device 65 to access the blockchain database 65 and record, access, and make use of real-time device data stream 72 from client device. This data stream can be used to include Wi-Fi receiver information 17 and may not have a relationship with distributed ledger 69.

“In FIG. “In FIG.7, the term “blockchain” is used. 7. The term ‘blockchain? refers to data that is reported from client devices and that is transmitted to and received by special purpose computer server (71), blockchain storage module 65 and smart contract 70. A blockchain, in general, is a distributed database that keeps a continually-growing list client device data records that are hardened against tampering, revision, and includes data structure??blocks? Optionally, executables or programs. A block can contain information and a timestamp linking it to another block. Blockchains are blocks that have time stamped batches with valid data. Each block can contain the hash of the previous block, which links them together. A hash function to increase security. It may also be used to verify the authenticity of an entry in a block. This innovative method addresses a problem in traditional industry practice by adding something that the logistics industry was not able to achieve by using prior methods. Blockchain access to package shipment trackable owner location and related telemetry data via client device interaction methods can be used to compute and compare in the device microcontroller Module 73. The reported data can then be sent by GSM radio module with blockchain technology to a second remote computer server.

Wi-Fi signals are faster, more precise, and less expensive than using GPS or cell towers. These databases can be manually updated to add new or private Wi?Fi addresses. They can also include Wi-Fi routing data to reveal an aircraft’s location. This can be used to verify a Point of Interest area, such as an airport, terminal floor or zone, Wi-Fi connection or Wi-Fi router, or warehouse floor, or room, or Wi-Fi points that are adjacent to flight runway area, or aircraft shipment loading area(s).

An optional database library is available for indoor use. It allows both manual entry as well as machine learning. This database can be linked to historical Wi-Fi access points (BSSID/MAC addresses), and linked to a specific latitude or longitude. The database can also store data about a room, floor, or other location (e.g., United aircraft 33, JFK Airport terminal 3). This library allows indoor positioning of airports, aircrafts, and warehouses using its Wi-Fi fingerprint database and manually entered data points. Additional fingerprints can also be obtained from public and private Wi Fi hotspot databases. These are stored in a database that includes time stamps for each Wi Fi hotspot and correlating mobile device location data to Wi-Fi hotspot addresses and other recorded data.

The system uses one additional Wi-Fi signal from an attached client device to report the location of the package. It is within the range of accuracy. Cell-ID location data can be used to augment or supplement this information. Cellular tower networks are used to report the location (GSM, CDMA and 3G, LTE, LTE-M1, 5G, LTE-M1, NNB-IoT, and all other operators around the globe). The Wi-Fi system and method listens only for signals and doesn’t attempt to transmit or connect to wireless Wi-Fi networks. These techniques can be combined to improve the system’s accuracy.

The web services API allows applications to submit via HTTP or SMS message formats. Applications can also include a WiFi access point identifier, signal strength, indoor location data, and an optional confidence radius. To increase location confidence and reporting, the same data can be used to report a cell number or cell tower identifier.

“The GSM message transmissions from the package-positioning devices can be enhanced to include high-grade, proven cryptography targeting small form factors and building on that additional security service such as device identification management. This cryptography can be integrated into smart baggage tags, connecting them to airport enterprise applications through a secure M2M/IoT cloud app. It addresses IATA 753 airline industry standard, but also addresses airport concerns regarding the security of smart baggage tag trackers and the possibility of creating millions of mobile hackable endpoints.

“Incorporating Blockchain in conjunction with the IoT enabled Sensor Device attached to or placed inside packages can increase real-time ownership of package shipments and track their location. This allows AirTrace Service to become part of a distributed standard.

The blockchain technology can be used to add and share data from any device attached to an object that is being transported. This data can include trackable ownership, possession and locations, as well as telemetry parameters like temperature, shock, and accelerometer data. Because the blockchain creates an immutable, distributed ledger that cannot be hacked, the final buyer can view the complete record and can trust that it is accurate and complete. Blockchain allows for additional streams of real time data to improve analytics and patterns. Parties with AirTrace Services can receive, record, and share data from devices with GSM sensor data reporting. This includes location and other embedded sensor information such as the accelerometer with internal thermometer. Multiple data telemetry can then be shared with trust and completeness. This system allows for chain of custody to be established independently of the shipment to verify and manage ownership and travel of a package. Smart contracts can also be used to trade and transfer packages.

“The invention’s special feature is its ability to determine whether a device location at different times matches the expected locations at that time. A second special feature is how the device uses vibration from aircraft engines or truck movements to turn off its GSM module. This saves power and allows the device to comply with aviation regulations.

“Overall, the device and system include computer assisted server, device vibration, movement data listening, processing, and location determination methods to temporarily prevent in-flight Radio transmission with transmission deactivation techniques designed to comply with regulations and restrictions that were in effect since 2003, when the United States Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), placed restrictions on mobile communication aboard aircrafts during flight to ensure aviation safety and avoid interference with aircraft avionics. This is an automated computer-implemented approach to what airlines require passengers do to activate their mobile devices in ‘airplane mode’. Before or during flight, text telephony must be turned off in order to comply with flight safety regulations. Truck shipment: The device and system depend on the accelerometer to detect movement of the package and to turn on or off transmissions as necessary. This maximizes power conservation and reports by GSM radio module only when instructed or programmed according to accelerometer movement parameters.

A Package, as it is defined, is a package that contains something and is wrapped, boxed, or packed. A Package can be a single parcel or a container such as a case or box in which something is packed for goods, freight, and logistics transport. You can also find a finished product in a unit, which can be ready for immediate installation or operation as an aircraft, replacement part, or any other critical component. It can also contain items for medical and pharmaceutical transport.

The term USSD (Unstructured Substitute Service Data) refers to a Global System for Mobile Communication (GSM) technology that allows text messages between a mobile phone (and an application program) and the network. Some applications may offer prepaid roaming and location reporting. USSD is similar in function to Short Messaging Service, (SMS). USSD transactions are only possible during the session, unlike SMS. SMS allows message scan to be sent to a mobile device and stored for several days, if it is not in range or activated. USSD is supported by Wireless Application Protocol (WAP). The GSM standard documents GSM 02/90 and GSM 03/90 define USSD.

Wi-Fi is a wireless networking technology that allows computers to communicate with each other over a wireless signal. It refers to network components that are based upon one of the 802.11 standards created by IEEE and adopted the Wi-Fi Alliance. In chronological order, these are examples of Wi-Fi standards: 80211.a. 80211b. 80211g. 80211n. 80211n. and 80211n.

Wi-Fi is the most common way that computers connect to wireless networks. Wi-Fi chips are used by most wireless communication devices to enable them to discover and find wireless routers. Many mobile devices can connect to wireless networks. A device can connect to a Wi-Fi router when it establishes a WiFi connection. A Wi-Fi hotspot is a device that connects to a Wi-Fi router. The Wi-Fi (802.11) wireless connection point’s geographic boundary. A hotspot is typically set up to allow Internet access. Any device that enters the hotspot can see the access point within range. They can also advertise their presence (beaconing). Authorization is not required.

GSM is a TDMA-based wireless network technology. GSM phones use a SIM card to identify their account. GSM network users can move their phone identity between GSM devices by using the SIM card. Most GSM networks currently operate on the frequency bands 850 MHz to 900 MHz and 1800 MHz to 1900 MHz.

SIM (subscriber identity module) or Subscriber Identification Module (SLM) refers to an integrated circuit designed to store subscriber ID (international mobile subscriber number) and its key. These numbers are used to authenticate and identify subscribers using mobile telephony devices such as mobile phones and GSM. The SIM circuit is part the Universal integrated Circuit Card’s (UICC) function. ?SIM cards? SIM cards can be either separate cards or virtual circuit card and can be transferred physically or electronically (e.g. by Internet database). The SIM card’s unique serial number (ICCID), international subscriber ID (IMSI), security authentication, and ciphering information are all contained in it.

The term USSD Gateway refers to a session-based protocol. USSD messages are sent over GSM signaling channels. They can be used to query information or trigger services. USSD establishes an instant session between the mobile device and the application that is handling the service.

The core signaling/control protocol used in fixed and mobile networks is called SS7 Signaling. The SS7 network is an interconnected network of elements that are used to exchange messages for support of telecommunications functions.

“The above-mentioned structural and functional description will help those who are skilled in the art to see that the disclosed systems and methods may also be described as a method, a data processing system, or a computer program device, such as a nontransitory computerreadable medium. These portions of the approach described herein can be either an entirely hardware embodiment or a completely software embodiment (e.g. in a nontransitory machine-readable medium) or a combination of both software and hardware. A portion of the disclosed systems and methods may also be computer program products on computer-usable storage media with computer readable code. You can use any computer-readable medium, including hard drives, optical storage devices and magnetic storage devices.

“Certain embodiments are also described in this document with reference to block illustrations, including methods, systems and computer program products. Computer-executable instructions can be used to execute blocks and combinations of blocks within the illustrations. These computer-executable commands can be given to one or more processors on a general purpose or special purpose computer or to any other programmable data processor apparatus (or combination of devices or circuits) in order to create a machine. The instructions which execute via one or more processors will implement the functions listed in the block.

These computer-executable instructions can also be stored in computer readable memory. They can be used to direct a computer, or other programmable device, to perform a specific function. The instructions stored in the memory result in an article or manufacture that implements the function described in the flowchart blocks. Computer program instructions can also be loaded onto a computer, or another programmable data processor apparatus, to cause a series or operations to be performed on the machine or other programmable apparatus in order to create a computer-implemented process. The instructions that execute on the machine or other programmeable apparatus provide steps to implement the functions described in the flowchart blocks.

“The present invention is therefore well-suited to achieve the goals and attain the benefits and ends mentioned as well as other inherent features. Although the invention has been described and illustrated, it is not intended to limit the invention. The invention is therefore intended to be limited only in accordance with the appended claims. This includes full cognizance of all equivalents.

Click here to view the patent on Google Patents.

How to Search for Patents

A patent search is the first step to getting your patent. You can do a google patent search or do a USPTO search. Patent-pending is the term for the product that has been covered by the patent application. You can search the public pair to find the patent application. After the patent office approves your application, you will be able to do a patent number look to locate the patent issued. Your product is now patentable. You can also use the USPTO search engine. See below for details. You can get help from a patent lawyer. Patents in the United States are granted by the US trademark and patent office or the United States Patent and Trademark office. This office also reviews trademark applications.

Are you interested in similar patents? These are the steps to follow:

1. Brainstorm terms to describe your invention, based on its purpose, composition, or use.

Write down a brief, but precise description of the invention. Don’t use generic terms such as “device”, “process,” or “system”. Consider synonyms for the terms you chose initially. Next, take note of important technical terms as well as keywords.

Use the questions below to help you identify keywords or concepts.

  • What is the purpose of the invention Is it a utilitarian device or an ornamental design?
  • Is invention a way to create something or perform a function? Is it a product?
  • What is the composition and function of the invention? What is the physical composition of the invention?
  • What’s the purpose of the invention
  • What are the technical terms and keywords used to describe an invention’s nature? A technical dictionary can help you locate the right terms.

2. These terms will allow you to search for relevant Cooperative Patent Classifications at Classification Search Tool. If you are unable to find the right classification for your invention, scan through the classification’s class Schemas (class schedules) and try again. If you don’t get any results from the Classification Text Search, you might consider substituting your words to describe your invention with synonyms.

3. Check the CPC Classification Definition for confirmation of the CPC classification you found. If the selected classification title has a blue box with a “D” at its left, the hyperlink will take you to a CPC classification description. CPC classification definitions will help you determine the applicable classification’s scope so that you can choose the most relevant. These definitions may also include search tips or other suggestions that could be helpful for further research.

4. The Patents Full-Text Database and the Image Database allow you to retrieve patent documents that include the CPC classification. By focusing on the abstracts and representative drawings, you can narrow down your search for the most relevant patent publications.

5. This selection of patent publications is the best to look at for any similarities to your invention. Pay attention to the claims and specification. Refer to the applicant and patent examiner for additional patents.

6. You can retrieve published patent applications that match the CPC classification you chose in Step 3. You can also use the same search strategy that you used in Step 4 to narrow your search results to only the most relevant patent applications by reviewing the abstracts and representative drawings for each page. Next, examine all published patent applications carefully, paying special attention to the claims, and other drawings.

7. You can search for additional US patent publications by keyword searching in AppFT or PatFT databases, as well as classification searching of patents not from the United States per below. Also, you can use web search engines to search non-patent literature disclosures about inventions. Here are some examples:

  • Add keywords to your search. Keyword searches may turn up documents that are not well-categorized or have missed classifications during Step 2. For example, US patent examiners often supplement their classification searches with keyword searches. Think about the use of technical engineering terminology rather than everyday words.
  • Search for foreign patents using the CPC classification. Then, re-run the search using international patent office search engines such as Espacenet, the European Patent Office’s worldwide patent publication database of over 130 million patent publications. Other national databases include:
  • Search non-patent literature. Inventions can be made public in many non-patent publications. It is recommended that you search journals, books, websites, technical catalogs, conference proceedings, and other print and electronic publications.

To review your search, you can hire a registered patent attorney to assist. A preliminary search will help one better prepare to talk about their invention and other related inventions with a professional patent attorney. In addition, the attorney will not spend too much time or money on patenting basics.

Download patent guide file – Click here